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【medical-news】“安全”血铅水平，可能不安全？
Journal Report
09/18/2006
"Safe" blood lead levels linked to risk of death
“安全”血铅水平与死亡危险性有关
American Heart Association rapid access journal report
美国心脏协会快速日报（编者译）杂志报道
DALLAS, Sept. 19 – Blood lead levels generally considered safe may be associated with an increased risk of death from many causes, including cardiovascular disease and stroke, according to a report in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association.
达拉斯 9.19---根据美国心脏协会杂志〈循环〉一篇报道，通常认为是安全水平的血铅，可能与包括心血管疾病及中风在内的多种致死性疾病的危险性增加有关。
Researchers studied lead levels below 10 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL), which previously has been considered safe.
研究人员对低于10µg/dL的血铅水平进行了研究，此浓度在此前被认为是安全的。
The levels studied are common and considerably lower than lead levels perceived by the government as a concern to public health, said Paul Muntner, Ph.D., author of the study and an associate professor of epidemiology and medicine at Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in New Orleans.
被研究的血铅水平是较正常的，且明显低于政府为公共健康所设立的血铅警戒水平，该研究的作者Paul Muntner哲学博士，即新奥尔良杜兰大学公共卫生和热带医学院流行病学与医学助理教授说道。
“Our study found the association of blood lead with cardiovascular death to be evident at levels as low as 2 μg/dL,” he said. “Since 38 percent of U.S. adults had lead levels above 2 μg/dL in 1999–2002, the public health implications of these findings are substantial.”
“我们的研究发现心血管死亡与血铅的相关性在低至2 μg/dL的水平很明显，”他说。“因为1999-2002年期间美国有38%的成年人血铅水平高于2 μg/dL，所以这些发现对于公共卫生的意义是非常重大的。”
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines high blood lead in adults as higher than 40 µg/dL. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that women of child-bearing age have blood lead levels below 10 µg/dL.
职业安全卫生管理局（OSHA）将成年人血铅水平高于40 µg/dL定义为高血铅。疾病控制与预防中心推荐的育龄妇女血铅水平是低于10 µg/dL。
Researchers said the study questions the current belief about what lead levels are safe in the population.
研究者称该研究对当前信奉的人群血铅水平的安全值产生质疑。
“We wanted to know whether there was an association between the current blood lead levels among adults and coronary heart disease, stroke or cancer,” Muntner said.
“我们想搞清楚当前成年人血铅水平与冠心病、中风和癌症之间是否存在联系，”Muntner说道。
Since the mid-1970s, when lead was no longer added to gasoline or household paint and lead was banned for use in soldering food cans, average blood lead levels in American adults have decreased from 13.1 µg/dL to 1.6 µg/dL.
自从上个世纪70年代中期以来（那时铅不再被添加到汽油或家用油漆，而且被禁用于锡焊食品罐头），美国成年人的平均血铅水平已从13.1 µg/dL降至1.6 µg/dL。
“Even though lead levels are much lower than before, the current levels are still orders of magnitude higher than pre-industrial levels,” Muntner said.
“即使血铅水平已比以前低了很多，但还是比工业化前水平高出几个数量级来，” Muntner说道。
Today lead is mostly used to make batteries. It is also used to make ammunition (bullets), pipes and roofing materials. According to OSHA, exposure to lead can occur in at least 120 occupations including lead smelting, battery manufacturing, ship building/repair, auto manufacturing and printing.
今天铅被大部分用于制造电池、军火（子弹）、管道及天花板材料。据OSHA称，铅暴露发生在至少120个职业，包括铅冶炼、电池制造业、造船及修船业、汽车制造业及印刷业。
Breathing contaminated air, eating contaminated food or soil, or drinking contaminated water are ways people can be exposed to lead. Inhalation of airborne lead is generally the most significant source of occupational lead absorption.
呼吸污染的空气、摄取污染食品、接触土壤、或喝了污染水，都是人们暴露于铅的途径。吸入空气中飘浮的铅是职业铅吸入的最重要的来源。
The researchers used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Follow-Up Study, involving 13,946 adults whose blood lead levels were collected and measured between 1988 and 1994.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-08-24 17:17
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