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改变渔民如厕习惯有助于减少钉螺传播寄生虫病
By Simeon Bennett
Jan. 7 (Bloomberg) -- Chinese fishermen who defecated into containers on their boats instead of the lake helped slash infections from a debilitating disease spread by snails, according to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands and improving water and sewer systems also reduced cases of schistosomiasis by as much as 94 percent in two Chinese villages, said researchers led by Wang Long-De at China’s Ministry of Health. The government has since adopted the measures. The malady can cause kidney failure, bladder cancer and learning difficulties in children.
Eliminating schistosomiasis, a disease the study said “just will not go away,” will take drug treatment, water management, sewage treatment and snail control, wrote Charles King, a professor of international health at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
“Human treatment alone cannot prevent the environmental transmission of a parasitic disease,” King wrote in a commentary in the journal. “The elimination of schistosomiasis will be a long-term process requiring a long-term investment” and “decades-long commitment.”
Schistosomiasis, the world’s second-most-common tropical disease, after malaria, affects about 200 million people worldwide, according to the Geneva-based World Health Organization. In China, infections fell to about 726,000 people in 2004 from 11.6 million in the mid-1950s, Wang and colleagues wrote. Further progress reducing infections “appeared to be stagnating,” they said.
Parasitic Worms
The disease is caused by parasitic worms called schistosoma that grow in some freshwater snails. The worms leave the snails and enter the water, where they can penetrate the skin of humans who are wading, swimming, bathing or washing. The worms lay eggs inside people’s bodies, and the eggs can travel to the liver or intestines. When infected humans or animals defecate or urinate in water, the cycle begins again.
Over a 30-month period, the researchers removed cattle from snail-infested grasslands, built wells, toilets and public latrines and supplied tap water to two villages near Poyang Lake, China’s largest freshwater body. They also gave fishermen containers in which to defecate and urinate.
In one village, infections fell to 0.7 percent of people in October 2007 from 11.3 percent in November 2004. In another, infections fell to 0.9 percent. There was “no sustained decline” in infections in two other villages where no changes were made, the study said.
The number of worm-carrying snails in previously infested grasslands also fell, and the infection threat from lake water was eliminated, the study said.
Strategy Adopted
China’s government, aiming to reduce infections to less than 1 percent by 2015, has adopted the measures used in the study as a national strategy. The government has begun the controls in more than 90 counties in five provinces where the disease is endemic, the authors wrote.
“We believe that the new national strategy can substantially reduce the burden of schistosomiasis in China,” the study said.
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601124&sid=aqPRPcY1ZCLo&refer=science 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。 Toilet-Trained Fishermen Help Cut Snail-Spread Parasite Disease
改变渔民如厕习惯有助于减少钉螺传播寄生虫病By Simeon Bennett
Jan. 7 (Bloomberg) -- Chinese fishermen who defecated into containers on their boats instead of the lake helped slash infections from a debilitating disease spread by snails, according to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine.《新英格兰药学杂志》研究表明，中国渔民用船上容器排便代替直接向湖里排泄有助于减少感染通过蜗牛传播的疾病。
Removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands and improving water and sewer systems also reduced cases of schistosomiasis by as much as 94 percent in two Chinese villages, said researchers led by Wang Long-De at China’s Ministry of Health. The government has since adopted the measures. The malady can cause kidney failure, bladder cancer and learning difficulties in children.以王德陇为首的中国卫生部研究者说，让牛远离有蜗牛的草地以及提高供水和污水系统也能使两个中国农村的血吸虫发病率减少94%。政府因此采纳了这个措施。血吸虫病会导致肾衰竭，膀胱癌和儿童认知障碍。
Eliminating schistosomiasis, a disease the study said “just will not go away,” will take drug treatment, water management, sewage treatment and snail control, wrote Charles King, a professor of international health at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
克立夫兰西储大学国际健康系的教授Charles King写道：减少血吸虫病——在研究中被称为“不会消失”的疾病，需要通过药物治疗、水管理、污水处理以及蜗牛控制。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-02-19 17:11
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