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【社会人文】运动带来较少抑郁和焦虑
运动带来较少抑郁和焦虑
A UK study suggests that regular intense physical exercise is linked with lower rates of depression and anxiety in men up to five years later.
英国的一项研究表明，坚持剧烈运动的男性在往后至少五年内较少抑郁和焦虑。
The findings are published in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
该研究发表于《美国流行病学杂志》。
While some studies have shown links between reduced incidence of mild depression and regular physical exercise, many scientists cannot agree on whether physically active people are less likely to have depression and anxiety.
虽然一些研究已经显示坚持体育运动能减少轻度抑郁的发生，但是在体育运动能否减少抑郁和焦虑这一问题，科学家们则不能达成一致意见。
Research showing positive effects of exercise on heart health is already well established.
运动能改善心脏健康这是早已明确了的。
Researchers from the University of Bristol and Cardiff University, led by Dr Nicola J. Wiles, looked at the link between leisure time and work-related physical activity and common mental disorder, which is defined anxiety and depression.
来自布里斯托尔大学和加的夫大学的研究人员，在Nicola J. Wiles博士的带领下，探讨了休闲体育活动和工作性体育活动与一种被称为抑郁和焦虑的常见精神疾病之间的关系。
They used data on 1,158 middle-aged men in Caerphilly, South Wales, who were followed for ten years from 1989.
他们的数据来自威尔士南部卡菲利的1158名中年男性，自从1989年以来，对这些男性进行了十年的随访。
The men filled in questionnaires about the amount of physical activity involved in their work and leisure time at the start of the study, and they completed questionnaires about anxiety and depression three times over the 10 year follow up.
这些男性在研究的开始接受了关于他们的休闲时间和工作时间运动量的问卷调查，然后，在随访的10期间，他们完成了三次关于抑郁和焦虑的问卷调查。
The questionnaire used to assess physical activity was the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the mental health questionnaire was the General Health Questionnaire.
用来评价运动量的问卷是“明尼苏达州休闲体育运动调查问卷”，而用来评价精神健康的问卷是“一般健康调查问卷”。
The researchers found that:
研究人员发现：
-- The men who participated in any heavy-intensity leisure-time activity (eg running or playing football) were less likely to have depression or anxiety over the next 5 years compared with less active men.
-- The effect was small but significant, and had worn off at the 10-year mark.
-- Intense physical activity at work made no difference.
--参加任何高剧烈休闲运动（如跑步或者足球）的男性与不怎么活动的男性相比，在往后至少5年内较少抑郁和焦虑。
--效果可能不大，但是是有显著意义的，而且在第10年效果就基本消失了。
--工作时剧烈运动与不运动没有任何差别。
In speculating on their results, Dr Wiles and colleagues said they were consistent with other studies looking at exercise and mild depression. They saw two reasons why these results occur.
Wiles博士及其同时在评价他们的结果时说，他们的结果与其它研究运动与轻度抑郁的关系的结果是一致的。他们认为出现这些结果是有两个原因的。
One is the direct effect that exercise produces chemicals in the brain that affect mood, and the other is the indirect impact through enhanced body image and self-esteem.
一个是直接原因：运动能使大脑产生一些化学物质从而调节情绪；另一个是间接原因：是由机体形象的改善和自我评价的提高而产生的。
Doctors are increasingly prescribing exercise as a way to get their sedentary patients more active. 医生们越来越多的开出运动处方，以让久坐的病人更加活跃。
A recent paper published in the Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management by two family doctors, Caroline Richardson and Thomas Schwenk, from the University of Michigan Health System lists some practical tips for primary care clinicians.
来自密歇根大学健康系统的两位家庭医生Caroline Richardson和Thomas Schwenk最近在《临床成果管理杂志》上发表了一篇论文，为一级护理临床医生列出了一些实用的技巧。
They suggest doctors write prescriptions for the type and duration of exercise their patients should undertake. Doctors could use techniques such as motivational interviewing in which the "physician helps patients explore their barriers to behavior change and to find ways to overcome these barriers".
他们建议医生们开出的运动处方能明确病人应该采取的运动方式和运动时间。医生们可以采用一些技术手段，比如采用动机会谈，那样医生就能帮助病人找出阻碍他们改变活跃状态的因素，并且找到克服这些障碍的方法。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2010-11-27 17:11
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