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FDA Issues Final Guidance on Regulating Genetically Engineered Animals
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today issued a final guidance for industry on the regulation of genetically engineered (GE) animals under the new animal drug provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The guidance, titled "The Regulation of Genetically Engineered Animals Containing Heritable rDNA Constructs," clarifies the FDA's statutory and regulatory authority, and provides recommendations to producers of GE animals to help them meet their obligations and responsibilities under the law.
Genetic engineering generally refers to the use of recombinant DNA (rDNA) techniques to introduce new characteristics or traits into an organism. When scientists splice together pieces of DNA and introduce a spliced DNA segment into an organism to give the organism new properties, it is called rDNA technology. The spliced piece of DNA is called the rDNA construct. A GE animal is one that contains an rDNA construct intended to give the animal new characteristics or traits.
“Genetic engineering is a cutting edge technology that holds substantial promise for improving the health and well being of people as well as animals. In this document, the agency has articulated a scientifically robust interpretation of statutory requirements," said Randall Lutter, Ph.D., deputy commissioner for policy. “This guidance will help the FDA efficiently review applications for products from GE animals to ensure their safety and efficacy."
The FDA released the draft guidance in September 2008 with a 60-day public comment period, and received about 28,000 comments. The agency has summarized and responded to these comments on the Web site listed below.
The FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) has been working with developers of GE animals on both early stage and more mature applications.
“At this time, it is our intent to hold public scientific advisory committee meetings prior to making decisions on GE animal-related applications" said Bernadette Dunham, D.V.M., Ph.D., director of CVM.
The FFDCA defines “articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals" as drugs. An rDNA construct that is in a GE animal and is intended to affect the animal's structure or function meets the definition of an animal drug, whether the animal is intended for food, or used to produce another substance. Developers of these animals must demonstrate that the construct and any new products expressed from the inserted construct are safe for the health of the GE animal and, if they are food animals, for food consumption.
The guidance also describes the manufacturer's responsibility in meeting the requirements for environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act.
For more information, see www.fda.gov/cvm/GEanimals.htm. FDA Launches Pilot Program To Improve the Safety of Drugs and Active Drug Ingredients Produced Outside the United States
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today announced the launch of a voluntary pilot program that would help promote the safety of drugs and active drug ingredients produced outside the United States.
The FDA plans to select 100 applicants to participate in the Secure Supply Chain pilot program. To qualify, applicants will need to meet the pilot program's criteria, including a requirement that they maintain control over the drug products from the time of manufacture through entry into the country.
The goal of the pilot is to allow FDA to determine the practicality of developing a secure supply chain program. Such a program would assist the agency in its efforts to prevent the importation of drugs that do not comply with applicable FDA requirements by allowing the agency to focus its resources on foreign-produced drugs that fall outside the program and that may not be compliant. It will also expedite the entry of products meeting the pilot's criteria into the United States. The pilot was developed with input from U.S. Customs and Border Protection and other stakeholders. Information about the pilot appears in a Federal Register notice that went on display today.
"This initiative creates incentives for drug makers to develop and maintain secure supply chains," said Deborah Autor, Director of the Office of Compliance in FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "This is one of several agency initiatives to enhance drug product safety."
Each applicant may designate up to five drugs for selection in the pilot program. To qualify, applicants will need to meet the pilot's criteria, including a requirement that they maintain control over the drugs from the time of manufacture through entry into the United States. A secure supply chain will help mitigate risks such as contamination and counterfeiting. Applications for participation in the pilot program will be processed in the order received.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-04-19 05:11
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