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【社会人文】美国：每年2800万妇女被迫流产
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Each year, half of American women who would rather not get pregnant will have an unplanned pregnancy, often because they failed to use their contraceptive properly or forgot to use it at all, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday.
As a result, 28 million women in the United States are at risk for an unintended pregnancy, according to the study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute in New York.
They found one in four women are very likely to become pregnant because of inconsistent contraception use.
Some of this gap is due to lack of access to health care, with many women saying they cannot afford some of the more effective methods of contraception such as birth control pills that require a doctor's visit and prescription.
"It is critical to have a better understanding of what is preventing women from using contraception consistently and correctly, or even at all," Dr. Jennifer Frost, a senior research associate at Guttmacher, said in statement.
The research involved surveys of women and family planning providers nationwide. Among the results, they found that more than half of women who have a gap in contraceptive use of at least one month have experienced some type of major life event -- such as the end of a relationship, a move, job change or personal crisis.
They also found that many women are not satisfied with their current method of contraception, a problem that can lead to missing birth control pills or failure to keep a condom handy, for example.
Last month the National Center for Health Statistics reported there were almost 6.4 million pregnancies in 2004, down 6 percent from 1990. Forty-five percent were to women who were not married, and there were 1.22 million abortions and 1.06 million stillbirths and miscarriages.
The researchers also found that many women who are lax about birth control are simply ambivalent about preventing a pregnancy and confessed that they would be very pleased if they found out they were pregnant.
The researchers said women who are the least motivated to avoid pregnancy are far less likely to use birth control pills, or any contraceptive method at all on a consistent basis.
They said a woman's attitude toward pregnancy, her satisfaction with her method and her experiences with gynecologists and other providers of contraception play a far bigger role in a woman's risk of pregnancy than other major risks, such as poor education and poverty.
Frost said doctors and other health providers should start by helping women to find the best contraceptive method for them.
"The more we can remove the remaining barriers to consistent use, the better we will be at ensuring that all women can avoid unwanted pregnancies and plan the children they want, when they want them," Frost said.
（缩略图，点击图片链接看原图） 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。 28 million women at risk of unwanted pregnancy 编译：（763字）
2800妇女有意外怀孕的危险
周二有研究者称，每年约有一般的美国妇女意外怀孕，原因在于她们没有正确使用避孕器具，或者根本就忘了使用。
根据纽约Guttmacher研究所开展的研究报道，在美国约2800万妇女有意外怀孕的危险。他们发现四个妇女中就有一个因不正确使用避孕器具而怀孕。这些分歧主要归咎于她们缺乏卫生保健方面的常识，许多妇女认为她们无法负担得起诸如避孕药之类的有效避孕方法，因为购买避孕药需要出示医生开具的处方。“现在弄清是什么使妇女不正确甚至根本不使用避孕措施非常关键。”Guttmacher研究所高级研究员Jennifer Frost博士说。
这项研究对全国的妇女和计划生育者开展了调查。结果显示，一半多未采取正确避孕措施的妇女在至少一个月之内经历了某些主要的人生经历，如亲属去世、迁居、工作调动或人身危险等。研究同时发现，许多妇女对目前的避孕方式并不满意，这导致她们不服用避孕药或不使用安全套。
上月，全国卫生统计中心报道称，2004年约有640万妇女怀孕，比1990年下降6个百分点，其中45%的妇女未婚。另外有122万例流产和106万例死胎。研究者还注意到，许多不注意计划生育的妇女对于避孕有矛盾的心理，她们坦承如果他们知道怀孕了会很高兴。研究者称，那些对避孕没有欲望的妇女根本不会使用避孕药及其他任何避孕措施。他们认为，相比不良教育、贫穷等其他危险因素，妇女自身对怀孕的态度、她们对避孕方法的满意程度、妇科医生对她们的建议及避孕方式的推广在妇女怀孕的风险中扮演更重要的角色。
Frost认为医生和其他提供保健服务的人员需帮助妇女找到最适合她的避孕方式。“如果我们能够帮助她们排除不使用避孕措施的心理障碍，我们就能更好地相信，所有的妇女都能避免意外的怀孕，她们将在她们想要小孩的时候，得到她们心爱的宝贝。”Frost说。 这些American women为什么得知了自己unwanted pregnant还会very pleased？谁能解释一下。 可能原因：中美文化差异。在中国，未婚先孕被视为一种耻辱，会遭到人们的唾弃。而在美国，基督教文化占据一定社会地位，崇尚生命，怀孕，就怀有了生命，大多数时候是不会遭白眼的。 美国是不允许流产的啊
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-05-29 05:14
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