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【科普】Even black-and-white bananas look yellow黑或白色
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Published online: 15 October 2006; | doi:10.1038/news061009-13
Even black-and-white bananas look yellow黑或白色的香蕉看起来也像是黄色
Experiment reveals how expectation interferes with perception.试验证实印象会影响感知。
Ayla Arslan
When we look at a banana, does our brain tell us it looks yellow, even if it isn't? A recent study shows that it does. 当我们观察一个香蕉时，大脑告诉我们它是黄色，甚至于它本来不是黄色时？最新的研究表明了事实确实如此。
Psychologists at the University of Giessen, Germany, report in Nature Neuroscience that our perception of an object's colour depends on our memory of its typical colour. 来自德国吉森大学心理学家们在《自然神经科学》发表文章，阐述我们对一个事物颜色的感知取决于我们对它本色的记忆。
Karl Gegenfurtner and his co-workers showed their subjects digitized images of fruit, presented in random colours against a grey background. They then asked observers to adjust the colour of the fruit on the computer screen until it too was grey. Karl Gegenfurtner及其同事给研究对象展示水果在灰背景下随机表现颜色的数字图像，然后观察者在电脑显示屏上调整水果的颜色直至它也变成灰色。
Bananas are yellow香蕉是黄色的
But the volunteers had a hard time doing this. With a picture of a banana, for example, they would adjust the colour to be slightly too blue when trying to achieve grey, as if compensating for a perception of yellow that wasn't really there (blue is opposite yellow on the colour wheel). At the point at which the banana was truly achromatic, volunteers thought it still looked a bit yellow. 但是志愿者们很难达到如此要求。比方说，对于一个香蕉的图像，他们为了使它变成灰色往往把颜色调整成稍微有些太蓝，就像是对并不真正存在那里的黄色进行补偿（蓝色是黄色的互补色）。对于完全无色的香蕉，志愿者们仍然认为它看起来有点黄。
It made no difference what colour the picture of the banana started as. Volunteers might be struck or amused by the image of a red banana, says Gegenfurtner, but they still kept a yellow banana in mind. 初始香蕉的颜色并不会对研究产生差别。Gegenfurtner说志愿者们也许会对红色的香蕉感到惊讶或者好玩，但在他们脑海里仍然认为香蕉是黄色的。
When volunteers were shown a neutral shape — a uniformly coloured disk, for example — this problem disappeared: observers could accurately make it grey.当给志愿者们展示一个中性的性状，如一个颜色均一的有色圆盘，这种现象就会消失：观察者能准确的使之变成灰色。
Grass is greener草变得更绿
Previous studies have also shown that our minds can play tricks on us when it comes to colour. We may remember colours as being more intense than they really were, for example. Volunteers asked to pick out the colour of grass from a variety of green cards often choose one that is 'greener' than real grass, says Gegenfurtner.以上研究表明对于颜色大脑也欺骗我们，比如我们回忆原来的颜色比它实际的颜色还要来得强烈。志愿者们要从各种绿色卡片中挑选出草的颜色，经常挑选出比实际草的颜色更绿的颜色，Gegenfurtner说道。
One study has even shown that we discriminate colour differently when it is seen to our left versus to the right (see 'Language colours vision'). 一项研究甚至表明我们左右脑对于颜色的区分并不一致。（详见“语言使视觉带有颜色”一文）
Gegenfurtner says the new study highlights how memory of a colour can also have an impact on its perception. Gegenfurtner说新的研究总结了记忆中的颜色怎样影响我们对事物的感知。
January 4, 2006
Language colours vision语言使视觉带有颜色
phenomenology — thomasr @ 9:56 am
The left brain may view the world through the prism of language. 左脑也许通过语言的映射来观察世界。
Our perception of colours can depend on whether we view them from the left or the right, scientists have found. They say this demonstrates how language can alter the way we see the world. 科学家们发现我们对于颜色的感知取决于我们左右脑对它们的观察，以此语言能够改变我们观察世界的方法。
The language-loving left hemisphere of the brain can spot different colours faster than it can identify different shades of the same colour.语言爱好者的左脑比起区分相同颜色不同灰度来说能够更快的区分不同的颜色
The idea that language can affect cognition is not new. In the 1930s, the American linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf proposed the controversial hypothesis that the structure of language affects the way people think. Later studies have hinted that this may be true in some circumstances (see ‘Tribes without names for numbers cannot count’). But whether language affects our perception of the world has remained an open question. 语言影响感知的观点并不新奇。十九世纪三十年代，美国语言学家Benjamin Lee Whorf提出了一个具有争议的假设：语言的结构能够影响人们的思考方式。随后的研究暗示在某些环境下它是正确的（详见“无姓氏的部落不会数数”）。但是语言是否影响我们对于世界的感知仍然存有争议。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-07-14 00:40
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