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【medical-news】肺癌发病率男女有别？
癌症：一个新奇的诊断
A new report details a historic drop in cancer death rates. But in recent years, the decline for women has been half that for men. What's behind the gender gap?
一项新的报告详细阐述了癌症死亡率的历史性减少。但是在最近几年，女性的减少是男性的一半，在这性别差别的背后到底隐藏着什么呢？
Lung-cancer incidence rates are declining in men and appear to be plateauing in women after increasing for many decades
在经过几十年的增长后，男性中肺癌的发生率似乎要比女性低。
Web Exclusive
By Eve Conant
Newsweek
Updated: 8:07 p.m. ET Jan. 17, 2007
Jan. 17, 2007 - On Wednesday, after decades of grim news, the American Cancer Society reported the steepest decline in United States cancer deaths in the 70 years since nationwide data has been compiled. In 2004, there were 3,014 fewer cancer-related deaths than in 2003—which was the first year the society had ever recorded a drop in cancer deaths. The back-to-back decreases have specialists hoping that they may at last be gaining the upper hand in their long battle against the disease.
2007年1月17日，星期三，在传播不幸的消息几十年后，美国癌症协会报道了自从70年代的全国性数据收集以来美国癌症的死亡率急剧下降的好消息。在2004年，有少于3014人死于癌症相关的疾病，这要低于2003年，在这一年癌症的死亡人数第一次下降。接连的减少坚定了在同疾病的长时间的斗争中最后终于占了上风的信念。
"Our work over the years is finally paying off," says Ahmedin Jemal, Ph.D., a specialist in cancer occurrence and the lead author of the report. He pointed to medical advances, early detection and antitobacco campaigns as key factors in the progress made.
Ahmedin Jemal博士，一位在癌症发生机制方面的专家并且是这份报告的领头作者，说到：“我们的工作终于有了回报”。他指出医学的进步，如早期的检测和反烟草标语是这个过程中的关键因素。
But the report also underscores a stark disparity between men and women when it comes to surviving cancer. Death rates are falling about twice as fast for men as for women. Between 1990 and 2003, mortality rates for men fell by 16.3 percent; the comparable figure for women was only 8.5 percent. The reason men fared better is likely linked to national smoking habits. While both genders saw dramatic declines in deaths attributed to three major cancers—breast, prostate and colorectal—there was a gap in deaths caused by lung cancer, the most lethal form of the disease. Men have been smoking for more than 100 years, whereas women took up smoking much more recently, with the most notable surge between 1965 and 1985. "Women started smoking and quit smoking later than men," says Jemal. Because of that 25-30 year lag, tobacco-related ailments may just now being showing up in female smokers. Lung cancer surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in 1987. And while lung-cancer death rates in women appear to be plateauing—after increasing for several decades—the disease now accounts for about 26 percent of cancer deaths among women.
但是这份报告同时也强调了在男性和女性从癌症中生存的截然不同。同女性相比，男性的死亡率下降了大约两倍。在1990和2003年间男性的死亡率下降16.3%，而女性的对比数据只下降了8.5%。男性进展较好的原因在于全国性的吸烟习惯。而两种性别的死亡人数急剧下降要归功于三个主要因素---乳腺癌，前列腺癌和结肠癌---这同最致命由于肺癌致死的人数还有一定差距。男性吸烟已经有100多年的历史了，而女性吸烟过多只是现在吸烟人数才迅速增多，尤其在1965~1985年间增长最为显著。Jemal说，女性开始吸烟和戒烟都要晚于男性。因为有25~30年的差距，同烟草相关的疾病现在才开始在女性中增加。在1987年肺癌超过了乳腺癌占据了导致女性死亡的癌症首位。而肺癌在女性中的死亡率似乎徘徊不前，在经过几十年的增长后，肺癌死亡大概占到女性癌症死亡率的26%。
Women also appear to be more likely to suffer from lung cancer than men even if they are not smokers. Experts say that while 90 percent of lung-cancer cases among men are due to smoking, only 80 percent of cases among women are directly related to lighting up. Second-hand smoke may also play a part in the disparity. Researchers are looking into reasons why female nonsmokers appear to be more susceptible to contracting lung cancer than their male counterparts. Concern about the effects of second-hand smoke spiked after the much-publicized death of Dana Reeve (widow of actor Christopher Reeve), a nonsmoker who died of lung cancer after spending years performing as a singer in smoky bars, though no conclusive link was ever made between her work and her illness. Still, with the overall numbers moving in the right direction, researchers are encouraged. "We're hoping we're at the peak of lung-cancer rates for women and that we'll begin to see a decline soon," said Elizabeth Ward, a top epidemiologist with the American Cancer Society and a coauthor of the report.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-03-01 05:11
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