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【medical-news】20分钟口腔测试可检测HIV
20-min oral test to detect hiv
Kounteya Sinha
[ 13 Apr, 2007 0056hrs ISTTIMES NEWS NETWORK ]
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NEW DELHI: A simple 20-minute gum swab test could soon tell you whether you are HIV positive or not.
In a breakthrough that could do away with the conventional HIV anti-body test, through blood taken from the finger or the arm, scientists from McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Canada, and Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS) in Sevagram have successfully tested an oral fluid-based HIV test that has proved 100% accurate.
Lead scientist Dr Nitika Pai from MUHC tested 450 individuals for HIV infection at MGIMS and found 32% of them to be HIV positive.
The team then compared the diagnostic accuracy of the OraQuick test from two samples one obtained from oral fluid (gums) and the other from a blood-based finger stick with traditional blood tests. Only one false positive case was recorded with the oral gum swab test, proving 99.7% specificity.
While 66% of the subjects reported discomfort with the finger testing method, no similar discomfort was recorded during sample collection for the oral test.
Dr Rajnish Joshi from MGIMS, who conducted the tests with Dr Pai, told TOI that extracting blood from random subjects in field settings poses a severe logistical problem because it needs injecting syringes to draw blood and trained personnel to carry out the procedure for risk of needle stick injury.
"Now, all that one has to do is rub the stick against the gum twice, once against the upper jaw and then on the lower jaw, from one end to another, to collect oral mucosal transudate fluid, normally secreted in the oral cavity.
The applicator on the stick, a strip of synthetic proteins, then detects HIV antibodies in blood in 20 minutes or less. Standard HIV tests with the help of blood make patients wait up to two weeks for results.
According to the CDC Atlanta, 33% of testees never pick up their results. It also costs about Rs 200 and can be administered practically in any setting a clinic, a bar or even a street corner," Dr Joshi said.
OraQuick test has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. But some studies had indicated that it was not sufficiently precise. As a result, CDC Atlanta had called for more definitive studies leading to this study in rural India.
"Based on our findings, the oral test is the preferred choice for HIV field testing by rural Indians," said Dr Pai, a physician epidemiologist supported by the Canadian HIV Trials Network.
"The advantages are that results are available within minutes and can also be performed by health workers with minimal training, eliminating the need for specialist laboratory technicians," she added.
"Rapid point-of-care HIV testing, which are non-invasive, simple, accurate and oral fluid-based, have the potential to make a big impact on HIV screening. They open the door to the possibility of home-based HIV testing," she said. 本人认领此文。如在48小时内未能提交译文，其他战友可自由认领。 20-min oral test to detect hiv
20分钟口腔测试可检查HIV
Kounteya Sinha
作者：Kounteya Sinha
NEW DELHI: A simple 20-minute gum swab test could soon tell you whether you are HIV positive or not.
新德里：一个简单的20分钟牙龈擦拭实验能迅速告诉你是否是HIV阳性患者。
In a breakthrough that could do away with the conventional HIV anti-body test, through blood taken from the finger or the arm, scientists from McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Canada, and Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS) in Sevagram have successfully tested an oral fluid-based HIV test that has proved 100% accurate.
来自加拿大MUHC（蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学健康中心）和塞瓦格兰姆MGIMS（甘地医学科学研究院）的科学家已经成功地试验出一项基于口腔粘膜分泌液的HIV测试方法，事实证明100%准确，该方法是一个突破，可能废除传统通过从手指或手臂取血的HIV抗体测试方式。
Lead scientist Dr Nitika Pai from MUHC tested 450 individuals for HIV infection at MGIMS and found 32% of them to be HIV positive.
来自MUHC的领头科学家Nitika Pai博士在MGIMS以HIV感染为目的检查了450名个体，发现他们中的32%呈HIV阳性。
The team then compared the diagnostic accuracy of the OraQuick test from two samples one obtained from oral fluid (gums) and the other from a blood-based finger stick with traditional blood tests. Only one false positive case was recorded with the oral gum swab test, proving 99.7% specificity.
该团队接着比较了两个样品通过Oraquick（快速口腔艾滋病检测仪）测试的诊断准确度，这两个样品分别通过口腔分泌液和刺破手指取血的传统方法获得。通过口腔分泌液检验只有一例假阳性，证明准确度99.7%。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-04-09 05:11
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