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【Diabetes Care】2010年ADA临床推荐——全文

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has been actively involved in the development and dissemination of diabetes care standards, guidelines, and related documents for many years. These statements are published in one or more of the Association's professional journals. This supplement contains the latest update of ADA's major position statement, “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes,” which contains all of the Association's key recommendations. In addition, contained herein are selected position statements on certain topics not adequately covered in the “Standards.” ADA hopes that this is a convenient and important resource for all health care professionals who care for people with diabetes.

ADA Clinical Practice Recommendations consist of position statements that represent official ADA opinion as denoted by formal review and approval by the Professional Practice Committee and the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors. Consensus reports and systematic reviews are not official ADA recommendations; however, they are produced under the auspices of the Association by invited experts. These publications may be used by the Professional Practice Committee as source documents to update the “Standards.”

ADA has adopted the following definitions for its clinically related reports.

ADA position statement

Systematic review.

Consensus report.

Grading of scientific evidence.

ADA will continue to improve and update the Clinical Practice Recommendations to ensure that clinicians, health plans, and policymakers can continue to rely on them as the most authoritative and current guidelines for diabetes care. Our Clinical Practice Recommendations are also available on the Association's website at www.diabetes.org/diabetescare.

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ADA第一次公布指南时就已经充分考虑到科学依据与循证基础。指南标注的ABCE的分级决定于循证质量(表1-5)。
表1-5 ADA对临床实践建议的证据分级系统
证据水平 描述
A 来自实施与总结良好的随机、对照临床试验的明确证据,包括:
•证据来自实施良好的多中心临床试验
•证据来自采用质量评分标准的荟萃分析
来自按牛津循证医学中心的“全或无”规则而必须接受的非试验性证据
支持性证据来自实施良好的随机对照临床试验,包括:
•来自一个或多个研究单位实施良好的临床试验
•来自采用质量评分标准的的荟萃分析
B 支持性证据来自实施良好的队列研究,包括:
•证据来自实施良好的前瞻性队列研究或注册登记研究
•证据来自实施良好队列研究的荟萃分析
支持证据来自实施良好的病例对照研究
C 支持证据来自对照差或无对照的研究,包括:
•证据来自随机临床试验带有一个或更多重大的、或有3个以上小的缺点以致影响结果的可信度
•证据来自带有高度偏倚倾向的研究(如前后比较的病例系列)
        •证据来自病例系列或病例报告
       在支持建议的证据分量上有争论的证据
E      专家共识或临床经验 Ⅰ.分类和诊断
A.分类
糖尿病的分型包括四种临床类型:
  1型糖尿病(由于β细胞的破坏,常致绝对胰岛素缺乏所致)
  2型糖尿病(在胰岛素抵抗的基础上进行性的胰岛素缺乏所致)
  由其他病因导致的其他特殊类型糖尿病,如,β细胞功能遗传性缺陷,胰岛素作用遗传缺陷,胰腺外分泌疾病(如囊性纤维化病)及药物或化学品所致糖尿病(如治疗AIDS或器官移植后)
  妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)(在妊娠期间诊断的糖尿病)

B.糖尿病的诊断
表1-6 糖尿病的诊断标准(2010年,ADA)
1.  A1C≥6.5%。试验用NGSP认证的方法进行。并与DCCT的检测进行标化。*

2.  空腹血糖(FPG)≥7.0 mmol/L。空腹的定义是至少8小时未摄入热量。*

3. OGTT试验中2小时血糖≥11.1 mmol/L。试验应按照世界卫生组织(WHO)的标准进行,用含75 g无水葡萄糖溶于水中作为糖负荷。*

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作者:admin@医学,生命科学    2011-01-14 00:45
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