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【medical-news】让你的孩子专攻一项还是参与多项
When young children take an interest in a sport, parents face a dilemma. Do you encourage a single sport starting at an early age, which can lead to a high skill level, competition and scholarships in the teen years? Or do you enroll your kids in several sports, exposing them to many activities and interests?
It’s a question many parents are no doubt mulling in the wake of the Olympics, where we were wowed by the single-minded dedication of Michael Phelps, who started swimming at the age of 11, and gymnast Shawn Johnson, who began her training at age 3.
But while dedication to a single sport at a young age paid off for these athletes, pediatricians warn that many more kids experience overuse injuries and burnout as a result of focusing on just one sport. Last year, the medical journal Pediatrics examined the problem of overuse injuries and burnout in adolescent athletes.
As my Well column in today’s Science Times notes, growing bones can’t handle the same stresses as mature bones. When a child specializes in one sport early in life, certain body parts — the arm of a Little League pitcher, the spine of a gymnast — are subjected to repetitive stress and overuse. Especially among young soccer players, there has been an alarming rise in injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, the main ligament that stabilizes the knee joint — a particular concern because repair involves drilling into a growth plate, an area of developing tissue at the end of the leg bone.
Burnout is also a worry, and it’s important for both parents and kids to identify what the child’s goals really are, the journal notes.
The ultimate goal of youth participation in sports should be to promote lifelong physical activity, recreation, and skills of healthy competition that can be used in all facets of future endeavors…. Unfortunately, too often the goal is skewed toward adult (parent/coach) goals either implicitly or explicitly. The parent often hopes the child will get a scholarship, become a professional athlete, or fulfill the parents’ unfulfilled childhood dreams. It is best to identify and focus on the child’s motivation and goals to provide guidance.
The solution to overuse injuries and burnout is not to curb a child’s sports participation. Instead, encourage a variety of sports that develop different skills and use different body parts. For instance, swimming is probably not a good choice if the goal is to rest the shoulder of a Little League pitcher. But combining activities like track and golf or gymnastics and tennis will give over-used muscles a break, while still keeping a child physically active.
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/02/for-kids-one-sport-or-many/
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让孩子专攻一项还是参与多项体育运动呢？
在孩子对体育运动萌发兴趣的同时，家长往往会面临这样的两难选择。是让孩子早早开始专供一项运动以期将来能达到较高的竞技水平并获得奖学金，还是让孩子参加多种体育运动，以激发他们参与运动的积极性和兴趣。
毫无疑问许多家长会被菲尔普斯、约翰在奥运会上的轰动表现而震惊，他们分别从11岁、3岁便开始专攻游泳和体操。
尽管这些运动员从小便专供一项体育项目，但儿科医生警告说更多的孩子会因此过度使用身体而产生损伤和burnout（怎么翻译为好啊？请战友们指点）。去年，儿科学杂志就读在青少年运动员中存在的疲劳性损伤和burnout的问题进行了调查。
正如今天的时代科学健康版面上提醒的，生长骨并不能承受和成熟骨一样的压力。当孩子在幼年便开始专练一项运动，那么他们身体的某部分（如棒球投手的胳膊，体操运动员的脊柱）将反复承受压力并过度使用。尤其是对青年足球运动员来说，发生前十字韧带损伤的几率惊人的高，前十字韧带是稳定膝关节的最重要的韧带，一旦损伤修复时必须打钉到生长板，而生长板又是小腿骨头根部的生长组织。
Burnout是另外一个担心，确定参加体育运动的目的对家长和孩子来说都是至关重要的。
正如今天的时代科学健康版面上提醒的，生长骨并不能承受和成熟骨一样的压力。当孩子在幼年便开始专练一项运动，那么他们身体的某部分（如棒球投手的胳膊，体操运动员的脊柱）将反复承受压力并过度使用。尤其是对青年足球运动员来说，发生前十字韧带损伤的几率惊人的高，前十字韧带是稳定膝关节的最重要的韧带，一旦损伤修复时必须打钉到生长板，而生长板又是小腿骨头根部的生长组织。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2010-10-10 17:11
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