主页 > 医学信息 >
【bio-news】Nature:细菌“敢死队”帮助同伴存活
领导此次研究的是瑞士综合生物学研究所的Martin Ackermann。研究发现,细菌S. typhimurium会表达分泌系统毒性因子(TTSS-1),引起肠道炎症。这样它就消灭了其它的竞争对手,同时也杀死了附近大部分的S. typhimurium。不过剩下的S. typhimurium因而能够进一步感染肠道。
研究小组成员Wolf-Dietrich Hardt说:“我们认为这是一个非常奇怪的现象。肠道里的细菌在遗传上是同样的,但是它们其中一些准备好为群体利益牺牲自己。”
只有一部分的细菌表达TTSS-1,这就使得敢死队细菌的基因能够在群体存在下去。如果每个细菌都表达TTSS-1,那么所有的细菌都会自杀,对群体无益。
研究人员总结说,如果群体利益足够大,自我破坏性协作就能产生。更关键的是,协作的个体必须能够比不协作的个体更经常地从其它协作行为中获利。
此次研究结果有力地支持了长期存在的利他和合作进化理论,同时也有助于设计更多的对付致病菌的策略。Hardt说:“基于我们的研究,如果只有一小部分的细菌表达毒性因子的话,那么通常的针对毒性因子的疫苗策略可能并不是最好的。”
推荐原始出处:
Nature,454, 987-990,Martin Ackermann,Michael Doebeli
Self-destructive cooperation mediated by phenotypic noise
Martin Ackermann1, Bärbel Stecher2, Nikki E. Freed1, Pascal Songhet2, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt2 & Michael Doebeli3
Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
Department of Zoology and Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
In many biological examples of cooperation, individuals that cooperate cannot benefit from the resulting public good. This is especially clear in cases of self-destructive cooperation, where individuals die when helping others. If self-destructive cooperation is genetically encoded, these genes can only be maintained if they are expressed by just a fraction of their carriers, whereas the other fraction benefits from the public good. One mechanism that can mediate this differentiation into two phenotypically different sub-populations is phenotypic noise1, 2. Here we show that noisy expression of self-destructive cooperation can evolve if individuals that have a higher probability for self-destruction have, on average, access to larger public goods. This situation, which we refer to as assortment, can arise if the environment is spatially structured. These results provide a new perspective on the significance of phenotypic noise in bacterial pathogenesis: it might promote the formation of cooperative sub-populations that die while preparing the ground for a successful infection. We show experimentally that this model captures essential features of Salmonella typhimurium pathogenesis. We conclude that noisily expressed self-destructive cooperative actions can evolve under conditions of assortment, that self-destructive cooperation is a plausible biological function of phenotypic noise, and that self-destructive cooperation mediated by phenotypic noise could be important in bacterial pathogenesis. 呵呵,有趣。最近看到有关达尔文医学的一些观点也正在讨论是否存在这种利他主义,毕竟这对于表达这种毒素的细菌群体是不利的 Integrative Biology整合生物学 有意思的发现 这只是自然进化选择作用而已。
群体的存在的前提是只要有一部分繁殖力强大的个体存活在适宜环境中即可。特别是细菌之类,,几个即可在短时间内繁殖得到庞大的数目。
可以这样考虑,初步认为细菌S. typhimurium表达分泌系统毒性因子(TTSS-1)的控制基因为隐性纯合才表达,呵呵。只有隐性纯合体可以表达,那么在每一世代中都有可以表达系统毒性因子的个体存在,假定环境不适宜时候会表达系统毒性因子。在入侵时候,这部分个体由于新环境不适应菌落生长会导致肠道炎症,并导致周围菌的死亡,创造出适宜生活的环境。然后剩下后续的部队则继续进入占领地盘。而剩下这部分则生活在适宜的环境中没有诱导表达出系统毒性因子,在繁殖中,杂合体的菌继续可以以1:2:1的比例产生隐性纯合体~~在下一个侵染中发挥作用。 这篇文章建的模型搞不懂,哪位高人现身说法一下? 如同曾经探讨:脓包是细胞的坟墓,还是根据地/掩护? [标签:content1][标签:content2]
阅读本文的人还阅读:
作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-01-13 12:40
医学,生命科学网