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【科普】皇家学会学报B》:疟原虫也怕“时差”

长途旅行带来的时差会让人不舒服,而英国一项最新研究发现,导致疟疾的疟原虫也怕“时差”,在与其生物钟不同的实验鼠体内,疟原虫的致病性下降了约一半。这项发现将有助于研发防治疟疾的新方法。

英国爱丁堡大学等机构的研究人员在新一期英国《皇家学会学报B》(Proceedings of the Royal Society B)上报告说,他们训练出两组生物钟不同的实验鼠,其中一组白天活动晚上休息,而另一组晚上活动白天休息。随后研究人员将导致鼠类疟疾的疟原虫注入这些实验鼠体内,结果发现,在那些生物钟与疟原虫不一致的实验鼠体内,疟原虫的致病性和传染性下降了约一半。

领导这项研究的莎拉·里斯解释说,许多动物的血压等生理参数都会随生物钟而发生周期性变化,疟原虫为了适应宿主体内的环境,也在进化中将自身的生物钟与宿主调到一致,发展出了相应的致病和传染机制。在生物钟被改变的实验鼠体内,疟原虫相当于经历了“时差”,从而导致致病性和传染性下降。如果能进一步探清这背后的深层机理,将有助于研发防治疟疾的新方法。

疟疾是由疟原虫引起的疾病,多由蚊子传播,在热带及亚热带地区发病较多,其症状包括发热、头痛、呕吐等,严重时可致死。 Abstract

Circadian biology assumes that biological rhythms maximize fitness by enabling organisms to coordinate with their environment. Despite circadian clocks being such a widespread phenomenon, demonstrating the fitness benefits of temporal coordination is challenging and such studies are rare. Here, we tested the consequences—for parasites—of being temporally mismatched to host circadian rhythms using the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi. The cyclical nature of malaria infections is well known, as the cell cycles across parasite species last a multiple of approximately 24 h, but the evolutionary explanations for periodicity are poorly understood. We demonstrate that perturbation of parasite rhythms results in a twofold cost to the production of replicating and transmission stages. Thus, synchronization with host rhythms influences in-host survival and between-host transmission potential, revealing a role for circadian rhythms in the evolution of host–parasite interactions. More generally, our results provide a demonstration of the adaptive value of circadian rhythms and the utility of using an evolutionary framework to understand parasite traits.
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/01/05/rspb.2010.2457.abstract?sid=23afc7ed-7065-41b2-b717-215702200506 生命八卦欧洲医生们发现可卡因能够使人产生愉悦感,有很强的提神功效,因此可卡因很快就在欧洲... (DietrichMateschitz)去泰国出差,发现这种饮料能帮助他克服时差带来的疲倦感.回国后他...www.360doc.com/...744922.shtml-2005-09-12-快照-为中医辩护的和菜头:荣耀还是耻辱?_关天茶舍_天涯社区_第2页能为力的,需要用现代医学的方法,做毒理试验和流行病调查才能发现.许 多历来被中医认... 褪黑素(“脑白金”):为松果体分泌的激素.可能具有安眠作用,被用于 因时差导致的睡眠...www.tianya.cn/.../278859.shtml-2006-10-28-快照-医辩护的和菜头:荣耀还是耻辱?_关天茶舍_天涯社区_第2页" 龙行天涯:方舟子揭中医学谬论_天涯杂谈_天涯社区爲了证实爱因斯坦相对论的“时差”问题,将原子钟装载在宇宙火箭上,耗资百亿美元!1916... 你讲要用科普的方法来批评中医,而国家要将中医药知识写进中小学生课本,从小培养他们...www.tianya.cn/...riter=0&key=0-2007-04-05-快照-医学谬论_天涯杂谈_天涯社区"[标签:content2]

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作者:admin@医学,生命科学    2011-01-09 23:22
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