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【PNAS编译】调控p53基因和线粒体凋亡通路Bruce基

Published online before print January 7, 2005
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0408744102
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

标题 调控p53基因和线粒体凋亡通路Bruce基因对于鼠胚胎发育是必须的
Biochemistry
The Birc6 (Bruce) gene regulates p53 and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and is essential for mouse embryonic development

作者
Jinyu Ren *, Mingan Shi *, Renshui Liu *, Qi-Heng Yang , Teri Johnson *, William C. Skarnes , and Chunying Du *¶

摘要
Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing (Birc)6 gene/BIRC6 (Bruce/APOLLON) encodes an inhibitor of apoptosis and a chimeric E2/E3 ubiquitin ligase in mammals. The physiological role of Bruce in antiapoptosis is unknown. Here, we show that deletion of the C-terminal half of Bruce, including the UBC domain, causes activation of caspases and apoptosis in the placenta and yolk sac, leading to embryonic lethality. This apoptosis is associated with up-regulation and nuclear localization of the tumor suppressor p53 and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis, which includes up-regulation of Bax, Bak, and Pidd, translocation of Bax and caspase-2 onto mitochondria, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts are sensitive to multiple mitochondrial death stimuli but resistant to TNF. In addition, eliminating p53 by RNA interference rescues cell
viability induced by Bruce ablation in human cell line H460. This viability preservation results from reduced expression of proapoptotic factors Bax, Bak, and Pidd and from
prevention of activation of caspase-2, -9, and -3. The amount of second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspase and Omi does not change. We conclude that p53 is a downstream effector of Bruce, and, in response to loss of Bruce function, p53 activates Pidd/caspase-2 and Bax/Bak, leading to mitochondrial apoptosis.

主要内容
杆状病毒凋亡抑制序列包括(Birc)6 gene/BIRC6 (Bruce/APOLLON)等,在哺乳动物体内编码一种凋亡抑制剂和一种E2/E3嵌合型 的泛素连接酶。我们研究表明Bruce基因的碳末端缺失一般半,包括UBC结构域,激活了半胱氨酸-天
冬氨基特异性蛋白酶类(caspases),及其在胎盘(placenta)及卵黄囊(yolk sac),使得胚胎发生死亡。这一凋亡现象与肿瘤抑制基因p53的表达上调和在核中的局限化有关,还与激活线粒体凋亡有关,这又包括Bax, Bak, Pidd等的表达上调,Bax和caspase-2 两种基因转位到线粒体上,释放细胞色素C和诱导凋亡的因子,激活caspase-9 和caspase-3有关。Bruce突变小鼠的胚胎性纤维母细胞对于多种线粒体致死性刺激敏感,但却对肿瘤坏死因子不敏感。而通过RNA干扰技术抑制p53功能则能够使,Bruce消融技术诱导的人H460细胞存活。而这又是缘于Bax, Bak, Pidd三者的表达下降,并阻止了caspase-2, -9, -3 的激活。最后我们认为, P53是Bruce基因的一个下游效应器,一旦 Bruce的功能抑制,那么P53就会激活Pidd/caspase-2和Bax/Bak,而导致线粒体凋亡。

一直以来,Bruce被认为是细胞凋亡的抑制剂,但到目前为止它的抑制途径却还不清楚。文章当中对Bruce突变小鼠进行了分析,并且发现Bruce能够调节P53基因以及线粒体的凋亡通路。

Bruce的基本功能位于线粒体的上游。Bruce功能的丧失会增加p53的水平,因此使细胞对凋亡更加敏感。P53在转录水平的活性是负责活化Pidd、Bax和Bak基因。这些基因顺次又活化线粒体,从而导致凋亡的发生。

Bruce对p53的调节功能的确定,意味着人们或许能通过抑制Bruce的活性来保持较高水平的p53,从而达到抗击特定肿瘤的目的。另外,Bruce的过表达可能有助于维持神经退化疾病中的细胞存活。这些发现回答了凋亡的一个基本问题并且将对各种疾病的研究产生重要的影响。

全文PDF可下载(881k)
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0408744102v1?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Bruce&searchid=1105603307371_135&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=pnas 相关链接:

研究发现细胞凋亡的关键步骤
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=1720584&tpg=1&ppg=1&sty=1&age=30#1720584
2.20 Cell: Bcl-2促凋亡的分子机制
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=727206&tpg=1&ppg=1&sty=1&age=30#727206
《Science》:细胞凋亡的关键--线粒体融合
http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=1728140&tpg=1&ppg=1&sty=1&age=30#1728140

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作者:admin@医学,生命科学    2011-04-07 18:13
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