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【科普】夏季防肾结石
Heat, sweat, and dehydration can lead to a painful condition. Here's how to protect yourself
By Adam Voiland
Summer heat, sweat, and dehydration have always been a perfect recipe for kidney stones. And as the world warms, scientists now say, those painful formations will become more common. Since it's as important as ever to take precautions, here are five tips:
1. Drink a lot of water. For people with a history of kidney stones, the Mayo Clinic recommends drinking 14 cups of fluid a day.
2. Don't shy away from lemonade. Lemonade increases levels of citrate in the urine, a substance that helps prevent kidney stone formation.
3. Avoid food high in oxalate. If you're prone to calcium oxalate stones, you may want to avoid foods high in oxalate. The NIH keeps a list of foods high in oxalate that includes (from higher oxalate to lower): rhubarb, spinach, beets, swiss chard, wheat germ, soybean crackers, peanuts, okra, chocolate, black Indian tea, and sweet potatoes.
4. Eat less salt. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends that people not eat more than 1,500 mg of salt per day (about 1 teaspoon). According to the Cleveland Clinic, eating too much salt can lead to excess calcium in the bloodstream, a situation that can cause the development of stones.
5. Cut back on meat. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends no more than two servings a day. The breakdown of proteins in red meat forms uric acid, a substance that, in excess, can produce uric acid stones, as well as gout.
Sources: the Mayo Clinic, the National Institutes of Health, the Cleveland Clinic, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领 。 Summertime Tips to Prevent Kidney Stones
夏季预防肾结石的技巧
Heat, sweat, and dehydration can lead to a painful condition. Here's how to protect yourself
天热，多汗，脱水会导致一种疼痛状态（结石）的发生。下面就谈谈如何去保护自己（以避免其发生）。
By Adam Voiland
作者：Adam Voiland
Summer heat, sweat, and dehydration have always been a perfect recipe for kidney stones. And as the world warms, scientists now say, those painful formations will become more common. Since it's as important as ever to take precautions, here are five tips:
夏季天热，多汗和脱水常常是肾结石的完美诱因。科学家表示，随着气候的变暖，那些疼痛状态的发生将变得越来越常见。鉴于采取预防措施与过去一样重要，这里有五个小技巧：
1. Drink a lot of water. For people with a history of kidney stones, the Mayo Clinic recommends drinking 14 cups of fluid a day.
1.大量饮水。对那些曾有肾结石病史的人，梅奥诊所推荐他们每天摄入14杯饮料。
2. Don't shy away from lemonade. Lemonade increases levels of citrate in the urine, a substance that helps prevent kidney stone formation.
2.不要远离柠檬水。柠檬水可以增加尿液中的柠檬酸盐水平，后者对防止肾结石的形成具有辅助作用。
3. Avoid food high in oxalate. If you're prone to calcium oxalate stones, you may want to avoid foods high in oxalate. The NIH keeps a list of foods high in oxalate that includes (from higher oxalate to lower): rhubarb, spinach, beets, swiss chard, wheat germ, soybean crackers, peanuts, okra, chocolate, black Indian tea, and sweet potatoes.
3.避免高草酸盐饮食。如果你（具有）易于形成草酸钙结石（的体质），那么你就应该避免富含草酸钙的饮食。美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）列出了一系列富含草酸钙的食物，包括（按草酸钙含量从高到低排列）：大黄，菠菜，甜菜，唐莴苣，麦芽精，黄豆，花生，羊角豆，巧克力，黑印度茶以及甜马铃薯等。
4. Eat less salt. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends that people not eat more than 1,500 mg of salt per day (about 1 teaspoon). According to the Cleveland Clinic, eating too much salt can lead to excess calcium in the bloodstream, a situation that can cause the development of stones.
4.少摄入盐分。美国家庭医师学会推荐人们每天摄盐量不要超过1500mg（大约一茶匙）。根据克利夫兰诊所（的发现），摄入过量的盐分可以导致血液中的钙剩余——这是一种能够促使结石形成的病理状态。
5. Cut back on meat. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends no more than two servings a day. The breakdown of proteins in red meat forms uric acid, a substance that, in excess, can produce uric acid stones, as well as gout.
5.限制肉类摄入量。美国家庭医师学会建议每天不要超过两餐。红色肉类中的蛋白质分解后形成尿酸，尿酸过量可以形成尿酸性结石，例如痛风。
Sources: the Mayo Clinic, the National Institutes of Health, the Cleveland Clinic, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-04-07 18:34
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