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【科普】母乳喂养降低成年后肥胖风险
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Lower rates of breastfeeding may help explain why minority and disadvantaged U.S. children are at greater risk of becoming overweight, a new study suggests.
Researchers found that among 739 10- to 19-year-olds, those who had been breastfed for more than four months had a lower average body mass index (BMI), and lower odds of being overweight.
This was true regardless of race or parents' education levels, the researchers report in the journal Pediatrics. However, the study found, there were disparities when it came to rates of breastfeeding; 40 percent of white adolescents but only 11 percent of black children had been breastfed for at least four months.
There was a similar difference when the researchers looked at parents' education levels, a marker of socioeconomic status. Forty percent of children with college-educated parents had been breastfed for at least four months, versus 18 percent of those with less-educated parents.
"This really does suggest that if we could somehow increase the frequency and duration of breastfeeding in these groups, we could reduce disparities in (obesity)," said researcher Dr. Jessica G. Woo of Cincinnati Children's Hospital.
A number of previous studies have suggested that breastfeeding may lower children's risk of becoming overweight later in life, though some others have found no such relationship. There are several theories on why breastfeeding might directly affect childhood weight gain, Woo told Reuters Health.
One is that, compared with bottle-feeding, breastfeeding allows infants to have more control over how much they eat; this may have lasting effects on children's ability to self-regulate their calorie intake.
Researchers also speculate that breast milk itself may have lasting metabolic effects that aid in weight control.
The bottom line, according to Woo, is that, whatever the effects on children's weight, breastfeeding has many potential benefits for children and mothers.
Breastfed babies have a lower risk of illnesses like diarrhea and middle-ear infections, and breastfeeding has also been linked to lower odds of allergies, asthma and childhood leukemia.
The American Academy of Pediatrics and other professional groups recommend that babies be breastfed exclusively for the first six months of life. This, Woo said, "is a goal that everyone should strive for."
She suggested that women who are having difficulty breastfeeding talk to their doctors and seek out local resources for help. Many health clinics and hospitals, for example, have lactation specialists who help new mothers get past the obstacles to breastfeeding.
http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSCOL56665720080305
screen.width-333)this.width=screen.width-333" width=398 height=242 title="Click to view full seaspace_051224_5.jpg (398 X 242)" border=0 align=absmiddle> 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。 Breastfeeding may help explain weight disparities
母乳喂养也许是造成儿童间体重差异的一个原因
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Lower rates of breastfeeding may help explain why minority and disadvantaged U.S. children are at greater risk of becoming overweight, a new study suggests.
纽约（路透社 健康）－一个新的研究表明，母乳喂养比率的减低也许可以解释为什么少数和贫困的美国儿童未来超重的几率更高
Researchers found that among 739 10- to 19-year-olds, those who had been breastfed for more than four months had a lower average body mass index (BMI), and lower odds of being overweight.
研究者们发现在739名10～19岁的人中，接受母乳喂养超过4个月的平均体重指数更低，超重几率更小。
This was true regardless of race or parents' education levels, the researchers report in the journal Pediatrics. However, the study found, there were disparities when it came to rates of breastfeeding; 40 percent of white adolescents but only 11 percent of black children had been breastfed for at least four months.
研究者在儿科学杂志中写到，不论人种或父母教育水平如何，这个结论都完全正确。然而，研究也发现，当考虑到母乳喂养的比率时，还存在着差异；40％的白人青少年和只有11％的黑人小孩接受过超过4个月的母乳喂养。
There was a similar difference when the researchers looked at parents' education levels, a marker of socioeconomic status. Forty percent of children with college-educated parents had been breastfed for at least four months, versus 18 percent of those with less-educated parents.
当研究者观察通常被当作是社会经济学身份的标志的父母亲的教育水平时，他们发现了一个类似的不同。受过大学教育的父母亲中有40％ 对他们的孩子进行了超过4个月的母乳喂养，而低于这个教育水平的父母中这样做的只占18％。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-01-30 05:14
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