主页 > 医学前沿 >
【medical-news】影响轴突生长的最关键因素
Leuven, Belgium -- Defects in the growth process of our neurons often underlie brain or nerve diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis. Scientists from the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VI connected to the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, led by Bassem Hassan, have achieved a major step in unraveling the growth process of axons, the offshoots of neurons. They have identified the JNK, Wnt and FGF signaling cascades as the most important actors and have also discovered their respective roles. Their research shows that the growth of axons and the activity of neurons are completely independent of each other. This new finding can lead to better understanding of a variety of nerve diseases.
A complex network A human being has approximately 100 billion neurons, the body's information and signal processors. The great majority of them are found in the central nervous system. The brain contains complex networks of neurons that regulate a large number of bodily functions. Because the brain and the nervous system are a delicate system, something can sometimes go seriously wrong and a brain or nerve disease appears - for example, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In the quest for possible cures for these diseases, it is important that we understand how connections are established between neurons.
Neurons have a number of long thin offshoots - called axons - that conduct electrical impulses. These primary elements of information transfer in the nervous system can sometimes be more than a meter long. The axon's orientation as it grows is also of great importance in forming the right connection. As in-coming stimuli are converted into signals that determine the direction and speed of an axon's growth, three things can happen: the axon can grow further, pull back, or change direction. Therefore, axon growth is a process that consists of several components: growth of the axon, orientation, recognition of objectives, and finally formation of synapses in order to transmit stimuli. Unraveling precisely how this whole process works is important for understanding the development of the brain and for helping develop therapies for diseases that are the consequence of damaged or diseased neurons.
The fruit fly as model Bassem Hassan is using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as model for his research. Many processes in this small fly are in fact comparable to processes in humans, even for something as complex as the nervous system. Axon growth is a complicated process in that it involves growth as well as orientation and recognition. So it's not surprising that many different genes are involved. To bring clarity to this complex organization, Mohammed Srahna and his colleagues, led by Bassem Hassan, have been studying the DCN (Dorsal Cluster Neurons), a group of cells in the fruit fly's brain. The DCN belong to the visual system of the adult fruit fly and stimulate the visual cortex. The axons of the DCN form a very stereotypical connection pattern. This well-ordered pattern gave the researchers the perfect starting point for studying the influence of various genes on the axon growth process.
Regulation by several genes From their study of the developing brain of an adult fruit fly, the researchers have found that axon growth is mediated by an interaction among three signal cascades: Wnt, FGF and JNK. JNK is necessary for stimulating the growth of axons. Wnt activates JNK and FGF inactivates JNK, so the right balance between Wnt and FGF provides for a precise regulation of the growth of neurons. Axonal growth turns out to be completely independent of neuronal activity. This finding brings greater clarity to the axon's growth process - knowledge that constitutes a major step forward in understanding neuronal disorders.
Given that this research can raise a lot of questions for patients, we ask you to please refer questions in your report or article to the email address that VIB makes available for this purpose: patienteninfo@vib.be. Everyone can submit questions concerning this and other medically-oriented research directly to VIB via this address. 认领了，谢谢！ 影响神经元生长的最关键因素
比利时的Leuven指出――我们缺乏了解神经元的生长过程，这使得我们对象阿耳茨海默(氏)病或多发性硬化症这些脑或神经疾病的认识缺乏。Flanders大学间生物科技研究所的科学家在阐明轴突、神经元分支生长过程中取得了关键的进展。他们认为JNK, Wnt 和 FGF的信号级联放大是神经元生长过程的最关键因素。同时还发现了他们各自的作用。他们研究指出轴突生长和神经元活动是完全独立的过程。这项发现可让我们更好的了解神经疾病的多样性。
人体是一个复杂的网络系统。它大约有1万亿个神经元和身体信息信号处理机。他们大多数是在中枢神经系统中被发现。脑组织包括复杂的神经元网络，其可调节机体的大部分功能。因为脑和神经系统是个精细的关联系统。有时它们会发生严重的错误和出现脑、神经疾病，如阿耳茨海默(氏)病，帕金森(氏)病，肌萎缩性(脊髓)侧索硬化(ALS)或多发性硬化症(MS)。在寻找这些疾病可能的治疗方法时，神经元间怎么建立连接是重要的因素。
阅读本文的人还阅读：
作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-07-31 05:15
医学,生命科学网