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【科普】人类羊水细胞重组iPS细胞获成功
据国外媒体报道，德国柏林的科学家近日从人类胚胎的羊水中提取出了羊水细胞，并将这些羊水细胞重组建立了诱导多能干细胞（iPS细胞），这种iPS细胞不仅能够形成人体各种器官和组织的干细胞，还能被医学领域广泛的应用。
羊水细胞比其它普通类型的细胞有着很多优点：首先，正常情况下羊水细胞在孕妇临产前就能够被提取，并可以从这些羊水细胞中建立大量的iPS细胞，医生通过对这些被重组的羊水细胞进行检查来判断孕妇是否患有疾病；其次，羊水混合物中包含有各种类型胎儿的体内细胞。由于羊水混合物中所包含细胞的“年龄”都比较小，因此这些细胞遭受周围环境引起的诱发突变的可能性就很小，从遗传学角度来说它们会更稳定。科学家表示，羊水细胞的这些优点使得将羊水细胞重组成iPS细胞的速度要比重组其它细胞快很多，相对也更加容易，甚至可以将羊水细胞中建立的iPS细胞转成类似胚胎的干细胞。
科学家们表示，他们在羊水细胞重组过程中发现，许多控制细胞发展的基因都表现得很活跃，这就意味着经重组而成的iPS细胞可以自发变异，按照将它们重组前的羊水细胞的生长方式发展。iPS细胞的这种特殊“记忆”功能可以使得它们清楚地辨别出自己分别经过哪些羊水细胞重组而成，同时这种“记忆”功能还可以用作孕妇的产前检测。据了解，医生在孕妇生产前就可以从胎盘中提取羊水细胞进行重组，这样不仅可以利用羊水细胞的iPS细胞来检测孕妇和胎儿的身体健康状况，还可以为孕妇怀孕期间的其他预期用途做准备。即使新生婴儿患有疾病，医生也可以利用婴儿所在胎盘内的iPS细胞为新生患病婴儿进行治疗。
研究成果近日发表在《公共科学图书馆—综合》（PLoS One）在线版上。（来源：搜狐科学 尚力）
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013703
Abstract Top
Human amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnostics procedures. Recently, it has been illustrated that these cells may also serve as a valuable model system to study developmental processes and for application in regenerative therapies. Cellular reprogramming is a means of assigning greater value to primary AFCs by inducing self-renewal and pluripotency and, thus, bypassing senescence. Here, we report the generation and characterization of human amniotic fluid-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (AFiPSCs) and demonstrate their ability to differentiate into the trophoblast lineage after stimulation with BMP2/BMP4. We further carried out comparative transcriptome analyses of primary human AFCs, AFiPSCs, fibroblast-derived iPSCs (FiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This revealed that the expression of key senescence-associated genes are down-regulated upon the induction of pluripotency in primary AFCs (AFiPSCs). By defining distinct and overlapping gene expression patterns and deriving the LARGE (Lost, Acquired and Retained Gene Expression) Principle of Cellular Reprogramming, we could further highlight that AFiPSCs, FiPSCs and ESCs share a core self-renewal gene regulatory network driven by OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. Nevertheless, these cell types are marked by distinct gene expression signatures. For example, expression of the transcription factors, SIX6, EGR2, PKNOX2, HOXD4, HOXD10, DLX5 and RAXL1, known to regulate developmental processes, are retained in AFiPSCs and FiPSCs. Surprisingly, expression of the self-renewal-associated gene PRDM14 or the developmental processes-regulating genes WNT3A and GSC are restricted to ESCs. Implications of this, with respect to the stability of the undifferentiated state and long-term differentiation potential of iPSCs, warrant further studies. 欢迎大家积极提供生物及生命工程信息 - 业界热点资讯版 - 爱爱...发表时间：2010-12-19回帖数：0生物及医学新闻我们必须客观科学面对,不能来半点需要,这是做医生起码原则,现在我欢迎... http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/11/240802.shtm 德国科学家重组人类羊水细胞获...www.iiyi.com/bbs/thread-191... - 2011-01-08-快照-生命工程信息 - 业界热点资讯版 - 爱爱..." 平度市创新机械技术服务平台“排污达标”不等于环境质量正常 连铸动态轻压下控制技术通过鉴定 羊水细胞高效快速... 我国科学家研制出安全高效饲料添加剂 中华鲟海水驯化获成功 将在海中增殖放流 华能...www.pdjxpt.com/....aspx?ID=754-2010-10-15-快照-[标签:content2]
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-01-26 23:40
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