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【medical-news】ACF的基本知识（摘录部分文献）
All available evidence indicates that ACF are precursor lesions to CRC.
Magnifying chromoendoscopy has made the in vivo recognition of ACF fairly easy. The endoscopes are available from all major manufacturers, and the endoscopic technique for their recognition has been sufficiently simplified. This technique consists of spraying the dye (methylene blue or indigo carmine) onto the mucosa and inspecting the mucosa after switching the instrument to magnification mode by using a finger-operated knob. Although the basic elements are present, further refinements are possible and even desirable. The procedure per se and the endoscopic definition of ACF need to be standardized, and the segment of the colon that can yield the best information should be defined.
From a clinical point, the critical question is what an ACF will do once it forms. Current knowledge suggests 4 possibilities: it can evolve into cancer through a polyp stage; it can produce a cancer directly, without an intermediate polyp; it can remain stationary; or, as the article by Schoen et al10 suggests, it can regress. There is no absolute certainty about any of these possibilities. Another intriguing aspect of ACF is that they may respond to treatment with agents that prevent CRC. Takayama et al14 showed, in a chemoprevention trial of sulindac, that the number of ACF was reduced markedly after two months of treatment. This property of ACF, reminiscent of what was observed in colon polyps of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, is likely one of their most useful clinical features. Presently, the natural history of ACF remains unclear; Schoen et al10 attempt to expand our relevant knowledge.
因为翻译整篇文献感觉很费时又感觉收获颇少，所以摘录部分有价值的基本内容以共同学习！
全文衔接：http://www.giejournal.org/article/S0016-5107(07)02946-X/fulltext 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。 ACF are lesions microscopically identified in colonic mucosa that appears normal on visual inspection. 异变腺窝病灶（ACF）是结肠粘膜的微观病变，肉眼所见是正常的。 These lesions are composed of crypts that are microscopically elevated above the normal colonic mucosa, have thickened epithelia, altered luminal openings (often oval or slit-like), and are clearly circumscribed from adjacent normal crypts. 这些病变由显微镜下高于正常结肠粘膜的腺窝组成，其上皮层增厚，管腔开口改变（常呈椭圆状或裂隙状），与相邻的正常腺窝分界明显。 Staining with methylene blue allows their visualization; deeper staining, compared with surrounding crypts, is one of their morphologic features. 亚甲蓝染色可使其显像;与周围腺窝相比深染，这是其形态学征之一。 ACF with a single crypt have also been described (although, strictly speaking, they are not a focus of crypts). 仅含一个腺窝的ACF亦有报道（虽然严格讲它们不是腺窝病灶）。 On histopathologic examination, ACF can be nondysplastic (ACF with hyperplasia fall under this grouping), dysplastic, or of the mixed type. 病理组织学检查中，ACF可以分为发育正常型（有过度增生的ACF归入此型）、发育异常型或混合型。 Whether ACF may transition from one pathologic type to another is not yet firmly established, but, ominously enough, some ACF may harbor carcinoma in situ.ACF are more frequently detected in distal animal and human colons, coinciding with the geographic distribution of CRC. 虽然ACF是否可以由一种病理类型转变为另一病理类型还不明确，但很不幸的是一些ACF可以包含原位癌。ACF多发于动物和人的远端结肠，与结直肠癌（CRC）好发部位相同。
All available evidence indicates that ACF are precursor lesions to CRC. 所有的证据都表明ACF是CRC的癌前病变。
Magnifying chromoendoscopy has made the in vivo recognition of ACF fairly easy. 放大色素内镜检查使体内ACF检查相当容易。The endoscopes are available from all major manufacturers, and the endoscopic technique for their recognition has been sufficiently simplified. 放大色素内镜可从所有专业制造厂家获得，其检查方法也很简单。This technique consists of spraying the dye (methylene blue or indigo carmine) onto the mucosa and inspecting the mucosa after switching the instrument to magnification mode by using a finger-operated knob. 操作方法包括向粘膜喷洒染料（亚甲蓝或靛胭脂红），然后用一手动旋钮将内镜转换为放大模式，观察粘膜。Although the basic elements are present, further refinements are possible and even desirable. The procedure per se and the endoscopic definition of ACF need to be standardized, and the segment of the colon that can yield the best information should be defined. 虽然基本的检查方法已明确，但进一步细化是可能的，也是我们期望的。如操作步骤及内镜对ACF的诊断需标准化，而且对能得到良好诊断信息的结肠部位也应明确。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-04-18 17:14
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