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【社会人文】每天吸烟量减半对健康并没有益处
Halving Daily Cigarette Quota Has No Health Benefit
Halving the number of cigarettes smoked every day in the belief that it will stave off an early death makes no difference, suggests research in Tobacco Control.
Although reducing consumption may have a place as a temporary measure in smoking cessation, this study proves quite clearly that the only safe way out of the risk caused by smoking is to quit, say the authors.
They base their findings on more than 51,000 men and women, all of whom were aged between 20 and 34 at the start of the study.
Participants were initially assessed for cardiovascular risk factors, and then screened again twice at an interval of three to 10 years, adding up to an average monitoring period of over two decades.
Participants were classified as never smokers; ex smokers, quitters (those who gave up between the first and second check); moderate smokers (1 to 14 cigarettes daily); reducers (more than 15 cigarettes a day, cut by more than half at the second check); and heavy smokers (more than 15 cigarettes a day).
Among men, deaths from lung cancer and cancers associated with smoking were not significantly lower in those who had cut back compared with heavy smokers. But this was not true of women who cut back, where the reverse was true.
And men who cut back only had slightly lower death rates from all causes combined than the heavy smokers during the first 15 years. After that, death rates were comparable.
And there were no significant differences in death rates from specific causes, including early death from cardiovascular disease, among women who cut back their daily consumption, compared with those who continued to smoke heavily.
Women who cut back actually had higher death rates from all causes combined than heavy smokers.
The authors conclude that long term monitoring provides no evidence that heavy smokers, who halve their daily cigarette consumption, significantly cut their risk of early death. They add that people may be misled if they are advised that cutting back will help them stave off disease. 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。 标红处有问题不？
Halving Daily Cigarette Quota Has No Health Benefit
少抽一半烟无益于健康
Halving the number of cigarettes smoked every day in the belief that it will stave off an early death makes no difference, suggests research in Tobacco Control.
控制烟草的研究说，相信每天少抽一半烟能够避免死亡过早而真的这样做的人，不见得就真的能够奏效。
Although reducing consumption may have a place as a temporary measure in smoking cessation, this study proves quite clearly that the only safe way out of the risk caused by smoking is to quit, say the authors.
研究作者说，虽然减少抽烟的数量跟戒烟看起来有些相似，但是这项研究清楚的表明，要避免吸烟的危害的唯一办法是彻底戒烟。
They base their findings on more than 51,000 men and women, all of whom were aged between 20 and 34 at the start of the study.
他们的研究涉及超过51000人，这些人在研究开始时的年龄在20到34岁之间。
Participants were initially assessed for cardiovascular risk factors, and then screened again twice at an interval of three to 10 years 编译
少抽一半烟无益于健康
研究说，相信每天少抽一半烟能够避免死亡过早而真的这样做的人，不见得就真的能够奏效。虽然减少抽烟的数量跟戒烟看起来有些相似，但是这项研究清楚的表明，要避免吸烟的危害的唯一办法是彻底戒烟。
该项研究涉及超过51000人，这些人在研究开始时的年龄在20到34岁之间，分为以下几组：从未抽烟；戒烟（在第一次检查到第二次检查间戒烟）；中度抽烟（每天1到14根）；抽烟减少（开始时每天15根，在第二次检查时每天少抽超过一半）；重度抽烟（每天超过15根）。在研究开始时，研究人员对受试者的心血管风险因素作了一个评价，然后隔3到10年再对该风险因素作出两次评价，平均监控时间超过20年。
在男性受试者中，抽烟减少的与重度抽烟的相比，死于肺癌或者与抽烟相关的癌症并没有明显减少，而头15年的死亡率只有轻微的减少。但是在15年后，两组的死亡率就很接近了。而在女性中，抽烟减少的与重度抽烟的相比，死于某种疾病的死亡率（包括早期死于心血管疾病的死亡率）并没有显著差别。而且，事实上，女性抽烟减少的与重度抽烟的相比总死亡率反而更高。
研究作者总结到，我们的长期观察表明，重度抽烟者即使每天少抽一半烟也不能明显降低他们过早死亡的风险。他们还说，如果有人建议你少抽点烟，那样能帮助你远离疾病，那是不对的。要避免吸烟的危害的唯一办法是彻底戒烟。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2010-09-25 06:30
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