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【drug-news】“鸡尾酒疗法”药物被制成一天一次
来自Drug Topics
FDA批准了新药Atripla(依法韦仑、恩曲他滨和替诺福韦)的申请,该药物使艾滋病患者每天只服药一次,一次只服药一片。这种新药是3种二级逆转录酶抑制剂药物的复方制剂,包括:依法韦仑(600mg)——非核苷转录酶抑制剂、恩曲他滨(200mg)和替诺福韦(300mg)——核苷类转录酶抑制剂。三种药物主要抑制艾滋病病毒存活所需要酶的逆转录。
Atripla可单独应用,也可与其他抗逆转录病毒药联合用药。Atripla是实现艾滋病患者单剂量给药治疗并维持药效的10年研究工作的一个里程碑,巴尔的摩Johns Hopkins大学的John G. Bartlett(医学)博士如是说。
艾滋病开始蔓延到现在已经25年了,患者们也曾经根据不同剂量的要求接受过每天给药20片的痛苦折磨。
在临床试验中,包含3种药物的Atripla证明治疗艾滋病患者有效。给予依法韦仑、恩曲他滨和替诺福韦的患者体内的病毒量,显著低于给予拉米夫定/齐多夫定(商品名:双汰芝,葛兰素-史克)联合依法韦仑给药的患者。持续给药48星期后,有84%的Atripla给药的患者体内的病毒数量达到并维持在400 copies/ml的水平(另外的治疗组为73%);有80%的患者,其体内病毒量低于50 copies/ml(另外治疗组为70%)。平均疗效增长指标为:Atripla组CD4细胞计数为190 cells/mm3,其他组为158 cells/mm3。
注:CD4细胞计数:是衡量机体免疫功能的重要指标。美国已将CD4<200/mm3作为艾滋病的一项指标。CD4细胞——可抵抗艾滋病病毒感染的细胞。
该药物最常出现的副反应为头昏、恶心、腹泻、头痛。单独使用核苷类似物或与其他逆转录酶抑制剂联合使用,会有乳酸酸中毒和由脂肪变性而导致的肝肿大的副反应。在依法韦仑的研究中,发现一些患者出现皮疹。生产厂家提出,Atripla中断治疗后重新使用时会出现皮疹症状。医生建议,如患有与酷热、脱皮、粘膜接触、发烧等相关的严重皮疹的病人,应停止使用Atripla。
Atripla与咪达唑仑、三唑仑和麦角碱衍生物有配伍禁忌,由于这些药物会竞争CYP3A4酶,而导致依法韦仑阻碍这些药物的代谢可能会导致心律不齐和呼吸衰竭。另外,在使用Atripla时不建议同时使用St. John's wort(圣.约翰草精),因为可能导致依法韦仑不能达到理想的治疗浓度。“药剂师会按照惯例提醒患者处方药可能会存在相互作用,但是提醒患者关注与草药产品相互作用也是同样重要的”,Shah如是说。
该产品包装中标明,Atripla应避免与肾毒性药物同时服用或相近服用。有报道显示服用Atripla中的替诺福韦有导致肾损害和急性肾衰的先例。
Once-daily single pill simplifies HIV cocktail
Aug 21, 2006
By: Monica Shah, Pharm.D.
Drug Topics
http://www.drugtopics.com/drugtopics/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=366109
With the Food & Drug Administration's approval of Atripla (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences), HIV patients will have access to a once-daily single-tablet regimen. The new product combines three agents from two classes of antiretrovirals: Efavirenz (600 mg) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI); and emtricitabine (200 mg) and tenofovir (300 mg) are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). All three work by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme required for HIV replication.
Atripla is indicated for use alone as a complete regimen or in combination with other antiretroviral agents. "The availability of Atripla marks the culmination of 10 years of efforts to simplify dosing while helping to achieve and maintain effective viral suppression for adults infected with HIV," said John G. Bartlett, M.D., Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md.
"Through the 25-year history of the AIDS epidemic, patients have struggled with medication compliance in having to take over 20 pills a day with different dosing requirements," stated Sam Shah, R.Ph., at Healthcare
In clinical trials, the three-drug regimen contained in Atripla was shown to be effective in HIV patients. Viral load was significantly lower in patients treated with efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir compared with those who received lamivudine/zidovudine (Combivir, GlaxoSmith-Kline) plus efavirenz. Through 48 weeks, 84% of efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir patients achieved and maintained viral loads less than 400 copies/ml (versus 73% in the other group), and 80% had viral loads less than 50 copies/ml (compared with 70% in the other group). The mean increase from baseline cell count was 190 cells/mm3 in the efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir group and 158 cells/mm3 in the other group.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-03-15 05:12
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