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【medical-news】禽流感重返埃及
Bird flu back again in Egypt
According to the World Health Organisation, Egypt has reported it's first case of bird flu in five months.
This latest case has appeared in a woman from the Nile Delta province of Gharbiya; she has been hospitalised since October 4th and is currently being treated with the drug Tamiflu.
Tests carried out by the country's health authorities have been positive for the H5N1 virus, and although she is on a respirator her condition is said to be stable; her family are being tested for the virus.
The virus first surfaced in Egyptian poultry in February and Egypt's last case was in May.
At that time 14 cases had been reported since March, of whom 6 died but 8 recovered after being treated with the anti-flu drug Tamiflu.
The 39-year-old Egyptian woman who raised ducks from her home, had a flock of eleven and when two became sick and died she slaughtered the rest before she herself became sick and was hospitalised.
Egypt, a major route for migratory birds, is one of the countries worst hit by the virus and has had the largest cluster of human bird flu cases outside of Asia.
As in Asia, backyard poultry is common in both cities and rural areas and the poor rely on their flocks as a source of food and also as an added source of income.
Almost all of those who have been infected with bird flu in Egypt became ill after coming into contact with backyard birds and as a result authorities there have culled 30 million birds since February in an attempt to contain the virus.
Chickens on rooftops are thought to be particularly vulnerable to infectious migrant birds, which fly along the densely populated Nile valley during migration.
Almost all Egyptian commercial poultry flocks have now been vaccinated, but only 20 percent of domestic birds are thought to have been vaccinated.
Authorities are urging increased surveillance and are calling for a fair compensation scheme.
禽流感重返埃及
世界卫生组织报道，最近5月，埃及发现了一例禽流感。
在尼罗河三角州省的Gharbiya地区发现的最新的病例是一名妇女，10月4日，她被送入医院，并正在用抗病毒药Tamiflu治疗。
埃及卫生专家通过检测，肯定此病毒即H5N1病毒。虽然这名妇女戴着呼吸机，但是病情很稳定，她的家人也要检测是否感染这种病毒。
2月，这种病毒首次出现在埃及人的家禽身上，最后一例病例是在5月。
从3月到5月底，共报道发现14例病例，其中6人死亡，8人经过抗病毒药Tamiflu治疗后恢复健康。
这位39岁的埃及妇女在家养了一群鸭，共11只，当其中两个两个生病后，她在自己生病之前把其余的鸭子都杀了，然后就进了医院。
埃及，是鸟类迁徙经过的主要地方，也是病毒感染最严重的国家之一和除亚洲外感染禽流感人数最多的国家。
在亚洲的城市或农村，后院养家禽很常见，并且穷人把他们养的家禽作为食物和收入的来源。
在埃及，几乎所有感染禽流感的病人都是先接触了后院家禽然后发病，结果，自2月起，为了控制病毒，当局处理了3千万鸟。
屋顶上的鸡被认为最易感染禽流感，因为有传染性的候鸟迁徙的时候沿着人口最密集的尼罗河山谷飞行。
几乎所有的埃及商业家禽已经注射疫苗，然而仅20％的家庭家禽被认为注射了疫苗。
官方正在加强监视，并呼吁公平的赔偿计划。
关于禽流感的一些常识
禽流感（Bird flu）是由流感病毒引起的感染普通禽类的传染性疾病。大约几百年以前，这种特殊的疾病起源于意大利，并在世界各地都很普遍。在某些地方，这种疾病也称为禽类流感（avian influenza）。禽流感常见的症状是轻度不适或发热，同时是一种致命性的疾病，可引起传染性，导致禽类死亡。
大约有15种类型流感病毒影响不同的禽鸟类，鉴于此，禽流感在鸟类之间传播很快。在全球最常见的流感病毒是H5和H7病毒亚型。
携带禽流感病毒最常见鸟禽类是野鸭。他们抵抗这种疾病的能力很强，因此他们不容易感染疾病。然而，在家禽当中，小鸡，火鸡是易受感染的鸟禽类，并且禽流感在他们当中传播非常快。穿梭于各种不同的鸟禽类市场，彼此频繁的接触是导致疾病扩散的主要原因。
另外一个关于禽流感的重要事实是流感发作后5到6个月，鸟禽类很难存活。感染的鸟禽类在冬天比夏天存活的时间要长。1984年，由于受到这种疾病的侵袭，美国毁灭了近17，000，000鸟禽类。2000年，由于H7N1型病毒传播，意大利消灭了近13，000，000家禽。
禽流感在很短的时间内就可以感染临近的农场，因此，一旦有家禽感染禽流感，没有其他的办法，只能杀掉感染的家禽以防止疾病传播。在附近的农场之间传播禽流感有多种途径，如播种的农业机器，运载工具，鸡笼，或农民的衣服。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-07-09 17:11
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