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【medical-news】研究发现哮喘与胃食管返流病有关
July 25, 2008 -- Chronic heartburn may alter the immune system and raise the risk of asthma, according to a new study that helps explain why so many people with asthma also suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Researchers say the link between asthma and GERD has been a mystery for years. Previous studies have shown that 50%-90% of people with asthma also suffer from gastric reflux, but until now the relationship between the two conditions was unclear.
The study shows that inhaling small amounts of stomach acid back up into the esophagus and lungs, a hallmark of GERD, slowly produces changes in the immune system that may lead to the development of asthma.
"This does not mean that everyone with GERD is going to develop asthma, by any means," researcher William Parker, assistant professor of surgery at Duke University Medical Center, says in a news release. "But it may mean that people with GERD may be more likely to develop asthma. If there is an upside to this, it is that developing GERD is something we can pretty much treat and control."
Asthma-GERD Link Explained
In the study, published in the European Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers mimicked the effects of GERD in laboratory mice by inserting small amounts of gastric fluid into their lungs for eight weeks. They then compared how the immune systems of these mice responded to exposure to allergens, a key factor in the development of asthma, to the immune response of normal, healthy mice.
The results showed that the GERD mice responded very differently to allergens. Specifically, they developed an immune response similar to that found in people with asthma by releasing a specific type of infection-fighting T-cell. Healthy mice responded in a more balanced manner releasing two types of immune cells.
Researchers say rising rates of reflux and GERD may be driving increasing rates of asthma, but many of the risk factors behind this phenomenon may be modifiable.
They say people who already have GERD can minimize gastric reflux and reduce their risk of developing asthma by following these tips:
Eat smaller meals
Eat several hours before going to bed
Raise the head of the bed a few inches
Maintain a healthy weight
Limit fatty foods, coffee, tea, caffeine, and alcohol because they can relax the esophageal sphincter and make reflux more likely.
"People should avoid the risk factors for GERD. We strongly believe that the rise in asthma, particularly among adults in the country, is in large measure due to lifestyle choices that can be changed," Parker says.
http://www.webmd.com/asthma/news/20080725/link-found-between-asthma-and-gerd 2008年7月25日——慢性胃灼热能够改变免疫系统，增加罹患哮喘的风险。一项最新研究能够帮助解释为何多数哮喘病人同时患有胃食管反流。
研究人员说多年来哮喘和胃食管反流之间的关系一直是个谜。先前的研究表明，50%-90%的哮喘患者同时患有胃食管反流，但目前为止，两者之间的关系仍不清楚。
研究表明，胃食管反流病的一个特点，少量胃酸反流入食管和肺部，可逐渐引起免疫系统的变化，导致哮喘发病。
杜克大学医学中心的助理教授威廉姆帕克在新闻发布会上说：“当然，这并不意味着所有胃食管反流病患者都会发展为哮喘，但是这些患者更容易发生哮喘。如果这是哮喘的诱发因素，我们可以通过治疗控制胃食管反流病的发展。”
哮喘-胃食管反流关系的解释
本项研究发表在欧洲临床研究杂志，研究者通过小鼠模型模拟胃食管反流，向小鼠肺部注射少量胃液，时间为8周。然后比较这些小鼠和正常小鼠的免疫系统对变应原的反应，这一指标是哮喘发生的一项核心指标。
结果显示胃食管反流的小鼠对变应原的反应差异很大。特别的是，它们的免疫系统和哮喘病人类似，在接触变应原后释放一种特异性的抗感染T细胞。健康小鼠则均衡的释放两种免疫细胞。研究人员认为增加的反流率和胃食管反流症可能增加哮喘的发病概率，但是这一现象背后的许多危险因素仍需修正。
他们称患有胃食管反流的病人可以通过下列方法尽量减少反流程度，减低罹患哮喘的危险：
每餐减少进食量
睡前几小时进餐。
将床头抬高几英寸。
维持健康的体重。
限制含脂肪的饮食，咖啡，茶和酒精，因为这些食品可松弛食管括约肌，增加反流的风险。
帕克说：“人们应避免那些胃食管反流病的危险因素。我们坚信国内哮喘发病率的升高，尤其是在成年人中，很大程度上是受生活方式的影响，这点可以得到改善。” 两个建议：
1. "If there is an upside to this, it is that developing GERD is something we can pretty much treat and control."楼上译为“如果这是哮喘的诱发因素，我们可以通过治疗控制胃食管反流病的发展。”
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-05-01 05:11
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