主页 > 医学讨论 >
【medical-news】肺炎疫苗可保护儿童在医院免受感
Main Category: Immune System / Vaccines News
Article Date: 11 Apr 2007 - 0:00 PDT
Routine infant immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has caused a 39 percent fall in all-cause pneumonia hospital admission rates for American children under 2, according to an article published in this week's edition of The Lancet.
Carlos G. Grijalva, M.D., M.P.H., research assistant professor in Vanderbilt's Department of Preventive Medicine, along with colleagues in the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample the largest inpatient database available to carry out their study.
Pneumonia and influenza combined are the greatest infectious cause of death in the U.S., and pneumonia accounts for between 3 and 18 percent of all childhood hospital admissions.
The research team looked at all-cause pneumonia hospital admissions for two periods -- between 1997 and 1999, and between 2001 and 2004. The year 2000 was omitted from the study, as this was the year the vaccine was introduced and due to variable rates of uptake across the USA it was decided this year should not be included.
They found that rates of all-cause pneumonia hospital admissions for the post vaccination years fell by 506 cases per 100,000 children under 2 a drop of 39 percent, and representing an actual reduction of some 41,000 admissions in 2004.
The study also provided evidence of the so-called "herd immunity effect" in which unvaccinated older people benefit from the vaccination of children and infants.
In this case, the 41,000 reduction in hospital admissions for all-cause pneumonia in children under 2 was accompanied by an annual decline of nearly 25,000 hospital admissions in adults, 18-39. The study notes that one explanation of this could be that this age group includes parents of young children, who may have benefited from reduced exposure since their children had been vaccinated.
"Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children," Grijalva said. "The introduction of the vaccine could have a large effect in less developed countries, where pneumococcal diseases cause not only substantial morbidity and health care costs but also high childhood mortality."
In an accompanying comment Orin Levine of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, and Felicity Cutts of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, said: "These findings are important because, in cost-effectiveness studies done before the launch of the vaccine and based on clinical trial data the estimated economic benefits of vaccination were limited to health impacts in vaccinated children. The reduction in all-cause pneumonia in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations illustrates how the value of the vaccine has far exceeded expectations."
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
CCC-3312 Medical Center North
Nashville, TN 37232-2390
United States
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领 本人再认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领 Childhood Immunization With Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Cuts Pneumonia Hospital Admissions
Main Category: Immune System / Vaccines News
Article Date: 11 Apr 2007 - 0:00 PDT
肺炎疫苗可降低儿童肺炎住院率
主分类：免疫系统/疫苗新闻
文章发布日期：2007年4月11日-0：00 PDT
Routine infant immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has caused a 39 percent fall in all-cause pneumonia hospital admission rates for American children under 2, according to an article published in this week's edition of The Lancet.
刊登在本周《柳叶刀》杂志上的一篇文章报道，按照常规婴幼儿免疫接种程序使用肺炎链球菌结合疫苗（PCV7），使美国2岁以下儿童因各种原因所致肺炎感染住院率下降39%。
Carlos G. Grijalva, M.D., M.P.H., research assistant professor in Vanderbilt's Department of Preventive Medicine, along with colleagues in the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample the largest inpatient database available to carry out their study.
Vanderbilt大学预防医学系研究助理教授Carlos G. Grijalva, M.D., M.P.H.,协同Vanderbilt大学医学院和亚特兰大疾控中心的多名同事，使用目前最大的住院病人数据库——全国住院病人样本数据库开展了本项研究。
Pneumonia and influenza combined are the greatest infectious cause of death in the U.S., and pneumonia accounts for between 3 and 18 percent of all childhood hospital admissions.
阅读本文的人还阅读：
作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-03-26 17:11
医学,生命科学网