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【科普】化验唾液可代替血液
CHICAGO (Reuters) - U.S. researchers have identified all 1,116 unique proteins found in human saliva glands, a discovery they said on Tuesday could usher in a wave of convenient, spit-based diagnostic tests that could be done without the need for a single drop of blood.
As many as 20 percent of the proteins that are found in saliva are also found in blood, said Fred Hagen, a researcher at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York who worked on the study.
"This is potentially a large field that has many clinical implications in the area of disease diagnostics," said Hagen, whose work was published in the Journal of Proteome Research.
The researchers hope saliva-based tests could be used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, diabetes and a number of other conditions.
"To be able to diagnose disease using saliva, you really have to have a comprehensive understanding of the saliva proteome," Hagen said in a telephone interview.
Like a genome, which lists all of the genes in an organism, a proteome is a complete map of proteins. While genes provide the instruction manual, proteins carry out the instructions by regulating cellular processes.
Researchers from five universities -- the University of Rochester, The Scripps Research Institute, the University of Southern California, The University of California San Francisco and the University of California Los Angeles -- sought to determine the complete set of proteins secreted by the major salivary glands.
BLOOD, SPIT AND TEARS
They collected saliva from 23 healthy men and women of several races. They tested saliva samples using some form of mass spectrometry, which determines the identity of proteins based on measurements of their mass and charge.
They compared their findings with recent protein maps of human blood and tears.
Early analysis has already turned up a number of proteins with known roles in Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases; breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes.
Most of the proteins were part of signaling pathways, which are key to the body's response to system-wide diseases.
Hagen said the work should accelerate the development of new tools for tracking disease throughout the body.
Already there are saliva-based antibody tests to detect human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, and hepatitis infections, Hagen said. He said this protein map will provide new targets.
"Monitoring disease as well as drug use could be more easily done with saliva as opposed to blood or urine," he said.
Other groups are working on a saliva-based test for breast cancer that would detect a protein fragment from the HER2 protein. Hagen said such tests could eventually replace uncomfortable and costly mammograms.
"We envision in the future spitting in a tube and looking for a marker like this breast cancer marker. It would be much easier to do, potentially at home," he said.
"Given that we've made this information publicly available, we fully expect a number of research groups will be picking their favorite targets and developing their own tests. That is the intent -- to create a wealth of data to stimulate more research and increase the chances of producing better diagnostic tests," Hagen said. 本人认领，谢谢！48小时内提交！ 美国的研究人员已经辨别出了人类唾液中所有1116种蛋白质，唾液将可能代替血液诊断方法。
在纽约Rochester 医学中心大学进行研究工作的Fred Hagen研究者说，在唾液中至少包含了血液中20%的蛋白质。表示:“唾液中的许多蛋白质将会是很多疾病的诊断依据。”他的研究成果发表在《蛋白质组研究杂志上》研究者们希望唾液检测的诊断方法可以被用来诊断癌症、心脏疾病、糖尿病以及其他各种疾病。Hagen说：“为了能够使用唾液来检测疾病，你必须要对唾液中的蛋白质有一定了解.”就像可以显示组织中所有基因的基因组一样，蛋白质组是所有蛋白质的组图。就像基因可以提供体内信息一样，蛋白质通过调节细胞的活动而携带信息。
Angeles等5所大学的研究者们试图找出唾液腺分泌的所有蛋白质。他们收集了几个种族中23位男女健康人的唾液，使用质谱法测定唾液样本，通过蛋白质的大小和电荷来区别。他们把唾液中的蛋白质与最近的人类血液中和眼泪中的蛋白质组图进行了对比。早期的分析已经发现了在Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's病以及胰腺癌和糖尿病中一些重要的蛋白质。大多数蛋白质都是信号旁路中的，它们是系统性疾病中体内中关键的反应点。
Hagen说，这一种发展这种新的诊断体内疾病的工具的工作需要加快。Hagen说，目前已经可以对唾液中的抗体检测来发现导致人类的免疫缺陷性疾病的病毒和肝炎病毒。他说蛋白质组图将可以检测更多的疾病。与血液和尿液不同，唾液可以很容易的检测疾病和用药情况。其他的研究小组正在进行利用唾液来检测HER2蛋白片段进而诊断出乳腺癌的研究。这样的检测最终将会取代目前费用较高且给病人带来不舒服的检测。可以想象在将来只需要在试管中吐一口唾液就可以找出像乳腺癌这样的疾病蛋白标志。以后这种检测可以很容易的在家里进行。希望会有很多研究小组可以根据我们公开发表的成果选择他们感兴趣的疾病来发展出他们自己的唾液诊断方法。这将可以建立以个数据库来刺激更多关于唾液检测的研究并增加产生更好诊断疾病测试的机会。 请整理编译。 [标签:content1][标签:content2]
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-02-28 17:14
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