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【medical-news】肥胖人群的“坏”脂肪
Differences in Fat May Explain Some Obesity-Related Diseases
脂肪之间的差别可能能解释某些与肥胖相关的疾病
By Salynn Boyles
作者：Salynn Boyles
Aug. 27, 2008 -- New research may help explain at the cellular level how obesity causes diseases like type 2 diabetes.
2008年8月27日—最新的研究可能帮助我们从细胞水平解释肥胖症如何造成类似于II型糖尿病（等多种疾病）。
When Temple University researchers studied fat taken from obese and lean people, they found major differences in the way fat cells from the two groups behaved.
当天普大学的科研人员研究分别从肥胖和瘦的人群取得的脂肪时，他们发现主要的差别是两组脂肪细胞的行为不同。
The fat cells from the obese people showed significant stress at a part of the cell responsible for the synthesis of proteins, known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
从肥胖人群中取出的脂肪细胞的一部分当合成蛋白质时整个细胞表现出显著的应激性，就像内质网（ER）一样。
This stress appears to lead to the production of specific proteins associated with insulin resistance, which plays a major role in obesity-related diabetes, says lead researcher Guenther Boden, MD.
本研究的领导者Guenther Boden, MD说，该应激反应将导致产生特殊的伴随着胰岛素耐受性的蛋白质产物，该产物在肥胖相关糖尿病中扮演着一个重要的角色。
There was also much more inflammation in the fat tissue from the obese study participants.
同样，来自肥胖的研究参与者的脂肪组织会发生更多的炎症反应。
"This is the first human study to show that the fat in obese people is 'sick,' meaning that it does not function as it should," Boden tells WebMD.
Boden告诉WebMD ：“这是人类首次研究发现肥胖人的脂肪是‘有病的’，这意味着它不再发挥它应有的功能”
Dysfunctional Fat
不正常的脂肪
The job of body fat is to store excess energy, or calories.
人体脂肪的功能是贮存多余的脂肪或卡路里。
Boden says routinely taking in more calories than the body can use not only leads to weight gain, but it also appears to stress the fat tissue to the point where it becomes fatigued and dysfunctional.
Boden说脂肪细胞正常情况下除了增加体重之外还会收摄人体多余的卡路里，但是它疲劳时或不正常时也会使该部位脂肪组织表现为应激状态。
"The bad health effects associated with obesity are probably not caused by the extra fat itself," he says. "They probably result from the constant overloading of the system with excess calories."
“多余脂肪对肥胖人的身体健康的不良影响可能不仅是由于它本身，”他说“这种不良的影响可能是由多余的卡路里造成脂肪系统不断地超负荷运作引起的。”
In the Temple study, Boden and colleagues performed cellular analysis on fat cells taken from the upper thighs of six normal-weight and six obese people. None of the obese study participants had diabetes.
在天普大学的研究中，Boden和他的同事们对从6个正常体重者和6个肥胖者大腿中取出的脂肪细胞进行细胞分析。没有一位肥胖的研究参与者患有糖尿病。
The analysis revealed over-expression of several proteins related to energy and fat metabolism in the fat cells from obese people.
细胞分析显示肥胖者的脂肪细胞的多种蛋白质的过度表达是由于能量和脂肪代谢。
Specifically, levels of 19 proteins were higher in the fat cells from the obese people than the non-obese people, including three that were related to a specific ER stress-related response.
特别是，肥胖者的脂肪细胞的19种蛋白质水平比非肥胖者的要高，其中包括3种与特殊的内质网应激反应相关的蛋白质。
The researchers conclude that the endoplasmic reticulum might sense nutritional excess and translate that excess into metabolic and inflammatory responses.
研究者们推断内质网可能能感受到营养过剩并且将其转换成代谢（增加）和免疫应答。
Understanding Sick Cells
理解患病的细胞
Boden says the findings could explain why diabetic people who have weight loss surgery often show dramatic improvements in insulin resistance within days of surgery, long before significant weight loss occurs.
Boden表示这研究能解释为何糖尿病患者接受减脂手术后常常表现出引人瞩目的胰岛素耐受性的改善。
"People have all kinds of theories about why bariatric surgery works the way it does, but the most simple and straightforward explanation is that the dramatic and immediate reduction in caloric intake is responsible for this improvement," he says.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2010-11-23 05:11
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