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【转贴】丘成桐、饶毅联手五位大牛上《科学》
歌德派出场顺序：贺福初 段一兵 谢易深 张亚平
施一公的批评最激烈
丘成桐最场最多
有点好笑的是：引言最温和的是饶毅。
报道透露了两个故事：一个是 饶毅 鲁白 邹承鲁 2004年在《自然》发表文章批评科技部以后，科技部要求出版署禁止《自然》在中国发行，而且禁止中国的刊物讨论科技体制问题。另外一个故事：科技部的中长期规划工作组内部有发对意见，结果科技部把哪几个人开除了。记者是中国著名物理学家郝柏林院士的女儿郝新：真有本事把这么多人串起来。----编者按]
Science 17 March 2006:
Vol. 311. no. 5767, pp. 1548 - 1549
DOI: 10.1126/science.311.5767.1548
News Focus
RESEARCH FUNDING:
China Bets Big on Big Science
Hao Xin and Gong Yidong *
For a few lucky research fields, a new government road map for science is like winning the lottery
BEIJING--He Fuchu, a major general in the People's Liberation Army, is combat ready. "Advanced countries compete fiercely to control the high ground in protein research," says He, using military jargon to describe his primary objective as director of the Beijing Protein Research Center. Now He, a vice president of the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, is about to get a substantial war chest to fund his center's research in proteomics, a big winner in China's new 15-year plan for science and technology （S&T）.
The long-awaited S&T plan, a set of marching orders handed down to scientists last month, may set the tone of science in China for years to come. It specifies 16 major engineering projects, including design of large aircraft, moon exploration, and drug development. Four major basic research programs are highlighted: protein science, topics in quantum physics, nanotechnology, and developmental and reproductive science. Although not stated in the plan, R&D spending by all sources, industry included, will rise from 236 billion yuan （$30 billion） in 2005 to 900 billion yuan （$113 billion） in 2020, Chinese officials announced last month. Basic research is slated to climb from 6% of R&D expenditure in 2004 to as much as 15% in 15 years.
With government coffers flush, Chinese scientists had hoped the new plan would give a bigger boost for basic research. However, "basic science is still not playing a central role in the government's mind," asserts Shing-Tung Yau, a mathematician at Harvard University. As in the past, scientific activity will be yoked tightly to economic development. "New scientific knowledge and inventions need to be industrialized and transfroferofsd," says Lu Yongxiang, president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. A buzzword permeating the document and on the lips of science officials is "innovation": the key, the plan states, to reducing China's reliance on imported technology and intellectual property. Industry is expected to shoulder a heavier load than it currently does. For encouragement, the plan offers companies tax incentives to spend more on R&D.
Although the details have not been filled in, the plan has been hailed as a noble attempt to reshape a landscape of patchy scientific talent into a cohesive community churning out innovations, rivaling the West. The plan is "an important platform for China to transform from the largest developing country to a world powerhouse," says Duan Yibing, a science policy expert at the CAS's Institute of Policy and Management.
Others are hesitant to jump on the bandwagon. They worry that a heavy emphasis on applied science and megaprojects will stifle creativity. "The most innovative ideas come from very few creative scientists at rare moments, whereas planning of large-scale projects requires the consensus of many scientists," says Yi Rao, a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and deputy director for academic affairs of China's National Institute of Biological Sciences （NIBS）. "It is unrealistic to expect very innovative science projects to come out of planning."
Muffled criticism
Drafting the S&T plan was not straightforward. Twenty working groups involving 2000 scientists and officials wrangled over the document for close to 3 years, revising it a dozen times at a cost of $10 million. The buck stopped with Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, who chaired a ministerial committee over the working groups. Since becoming China's prime minister in March 2003, Wen has made a "scientific approach to development" a theme of his administration, backed by steady increases in R&D funding. "I believe that Prime Minister Wen had the best intentions when he decided to increase funding and, at the same time, required scientists and engineers to come up with visionary plans on how to use the funds," says Rao.
It quickly became clear that Wen hoped to replicate the success of China's first S&T plan, a 1956 blueprint that led to the creation of scores of CAS institutes, produced the nation's first atom and hydrogen bombs, and sent up its first satellite. Although the government never spelled out "two bombs and one satellite" as a goal, people associate these triumphs with the 1956 document, and Wen was determined to rekindle past glory by embracing large projects.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-03-04 01:26
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