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【bio-news】由猪的结缔组织细胞生成干细胞
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090625141508.htm
ScienceDaily (June 26, 2009) — For years, proponents have touted the benefits of embryonic stem cell research, but the potential therapies still face hurdles. Side effects such as tumor development, a lack of an effective and long-term animal model to test new therapies, and genetic incompatibility between the host and donor cells are some of the problems faced by researchers.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Now, scientists at the University of Missouri have developed the ability to take regular cells from a pig's connective tissues, known as fibroblasts, and transform them into stem cells, eliminating several of these hurdles.
"It's important to develop a good, accurate animal model to test these new therapies," said R. Michael Roberts, Curator's Professor of Animal Science and Biochemistry and a researcher in the Bond Life Sciences Center. "Cures with stem cells are not right around the corner, but the pig could be an excellent model for testing new therapies because it is so similar to humans in many ways."
In their research, Roberts; Toshihiko Ezashi, a research assistant professor of animal sciences in the College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources and lead author on the study; and Bhanu Telugu, a post-doctoral fellow in animal sciences; cultured fibroblasts from a fetal pig. The scientists then inserted four specific genes into the cells. These genes have the ability to "re-program" the differentiated fibroblasts so that they "believe" they are stem cells, take on many of the properties of stem cells that would normally be derived from embryos, and, like embryonic stem cells, differentiate into many, possibly all, of the more than 250 cell types found in the body of an adult pig.
Since these "induced pluripotent stem cells" were not derived from embryos and no cloning technique was used to obtain them, the approach eliminates some of the controversy that has accompanied stem cell research in the past. The next step is for Roberts and his team to remove the four genes that reprogrammed the original cells. Then the researchers will determine what needs to be done to direct the new stem cells to develop into specific cell types.
"Right now, we researchers have not answered questions concerning how to make stem cells develop into just one type of cell, such as those of liver, kidney or blood cells, rather than a mixture," Roberts said. "Now that we have been able to turn regular cells into stem cells, we need to learn how to make the right type of tissue and then test putting that new tissue back into the animal."
Roberts also noted that using the same animal for both the beginning and end of the research would eliminate any host rejection of the transplanted cells once scientists reach the point where they are putting the new tissue back into the animal. Using pigs rather than mice allows researchers to observe any long-term effects of the therapies. Because mice typically have a short life span and differ from humans more than pigs, it is less difficult to predict and/or study long-term effects using pigs, Telugu said.
The new study appeared in a recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). 猪的结缔组织细胞生成干细胞
ScienceDaily （ 2009年6月26日） -多年来，支持者一直吹捧胚胎干细胞研究的好处，但其仍然面临着潜在的问题。副作用：例如肿瘤的发展，缺乏一个有效的和长期的动物模型，以及主人与细胞捐献者之间基因的不兼容性，是一些研究人员所要面临问题。
体细胞核转移 Now, scientists at the University of Missouri have developed the ability to take regular cells from a pig's connective tissues, known as fibroblasts, and transform them into stem cells, eliminating several of these hurdles.
现在，密苏里大学的科学家们将从猪的结缔组织取出正常细胞，即成纤维细胞，并将其转变成干细胞，消除其中一些障碍。
"It's important to develop a good, accurate animal model to test these new therapies," said R. Michael Roberts, Curator's Professor of Animal Science and Biochemistry and a researcher in the Bond Life Sciences Center. "Cures with stem cells are not right around the corner, but the pig could be an excellent model for testing new therapies because it is so similar to humans in many ways."
“重要的是建立良好的，准确的动物模型，以测试这些新的疗法”，R.迈克尔罗伯茨（动物科学和生物化学图书馆馆长，邦德生命科学中心研究员）说。 “近来干细胞的治疗有不正确的地方，但猪用试验新疗法会是一个很好的模型，因为它在许多方面与人类是那么相似，。 ”
In their research, Roberts; Toshihiko Ezashi, a research assistant professor of animal sciences in the College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources and lead author on the study; and Bhanu Telugu, a post-doctoral fellow in animal sciences; cultured fibroblasts from a fetal pig. The scientists then inserted four specific genes into the cells. These genes have the ability to "re-program" the differentiated fibroblasts so that they "believe" they are stem cells, take on many of the properties of stem cells that would normally be derived from embryos, and, like embryonic stem cells, differentiate into many, possibly all, of the more than 250 cell types found in the body of an adult pig.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2010-12-24 05:11
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