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【medical-news】研究发现吸烟必须戒掉,而不是削减
Smokers must quit, not just cut down, study finds
By Patricia Reaney
LONDON (Reuters) - Smokers eager to cut the risk of dying early from tobacco-related illnesses must quit completely, researchers said on Tuesday, because cutting down -- even by half -- is not enough.
"Smokers should quit -- you can't give your health a better present than to quit smoking," said Dr Kjell Bjartveit, former director of the National Health Screening Service, in Oslo.
In a 20-year study of 51,000 men and women in Norway, Bjartveit and his team studied the impact of cutting down smoking on deaths from heart disease, lung cancer and other tobacco-related cancers.
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All the people at the start of the study were between 20-34 years old. They were assessed for their risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease at the beginning of the project and twice during the 20-year follow up period.
The aim of the research, published in the journal Tobacco Control, was to determine the health benefits if heavy smokers who got through more than 15 cigarettes a day cut their consumption by half or more.
"The long-term effects of a substantial reduction in smoking did not show any benefits in comparison with persistent heavy smoking," Bjartveit told Reuters.
The researchers found no significant difference in early death rates from cardiovascular disease, cancers and other causes between heavy smokers who continued their habit and people who had halved their consumption during the study.
The results were the same for both men and women.
"In health education and patient counseling, it may give people false expectations to advise that reduction in consumption is associated with reduction in harm," Bjartveit added.
Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death. In addition to being a risk factor for heart attack and stroke and certain types of cancer, it is also the leading cause of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Health experts estimate the annual global deaths associated with smoking could double to 10 million or more by 2020.
"The study proves quite clearly the only safe way out of the risk caused by smoking: people who quit smoking have achieved a risk level that is remarkably lower than those who continued to smoke," Bjartveit said in the journal. 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。 路透通讯社伦敦报道：研究者在周二表示吸烟者渴望通过降低吸烟量而使与烟草相关疾病导致的死亡的危险性下降的想法必须全部抛弃，甚至降一半也是不够的。
在奥斯陆，前国立健康普查服务中心主任Kjell Bjartveit说：“吸烟必须戒掉，使你身体健康最好的方法就是戒烟。
在挪威，Bjartveit和他的研究小组进行了对51000男性和女性时间为20年的研究，该研究主要研究降低吸烟量与心血管疾病，肺癌和其他与烟草有关的疾病之间的影响因素
所有在这项研究中的被调查人年龄在20到34岁之间。他们在随后的20年中被这项研究俩次被评定为与心血管疾病发生的危险者，
发表在《烟草控制杂志》这篇研究目的是弄清是否烟瘾重的人通过完全戒烟得到的益处与每天降低吸烟量一半到15只进行比较。
Bjartvei告诉路透通讯社：“从长期的效果来看，降低吸烟量比起持续大量的吸烟并没有显示任何的益处。
研究者发现：“继续大量吸烟习惯的人的和降低吸烟量一半的人通过比较，他们并没有发现与心血管疾病，癌症和其他有关的疾病相关的早期死亡率有所不同。
这个结果在男性和女性中都是一样的
Bjartveit补充说：“在健康教育和病人咨询中，给予人们错误的期望就是减少吸烟量与降低害处有关系
吸烟是可预防死亡的首要原因，此外它还是心梗，中风和某些癌症的危险因素，另外它还是肺癌和慢性阻塞性肺病，其中包括慢性支气管炎，,肺气肿的首要病因。
健康专家估计到2020年全球每年因吸烟死亡的人数会翻倍到1000万。
Bjartveit在杂志上说道：“这项研究很好的证明了远离吸烟引起的健康危险的唯一安全途径就是戒烟，戒烟的人远离危险的水平远远低于持续吸烟的人。
背景介绍：
英国“烟草致癌发现者”和“流行病学之父”理查德•多尔日前在马德里说，吸烟增加死亡的危险性，可导致40种致命的疾病。
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-05-05 16:58
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