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【medical-news】心理学家们投票禁止担任审讯顾问
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By BENEDICT CAREY
Published: September 17, 2008
Members of the American Psychological Association have voted to prohibit consultation in the interrogations of detainees held at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, or so-called black sites operated by the Central Intelligence Agency overseas, the association said on Wednesday.
The vote, 8,792 to 6,157 in a mail-in balloting concluded Monday, may help to settle a long debate within the profession over the ethics of such work. Psychologists have helped military and C.I.A. interrogators evaluate detainees, plan questioning strategy and judge its psychological costs. The association’s ethics code, while condemning a list of coercive techniques adopted in the Bush administration’s antiterrorism campaign, has allowed some consultation “for national security-related purposes.”
The referendum, first posted on the Internet as a petition in May, prohibits psychologists from working in settings where “persons are held outside of, or in violation of, either International Law (e.g., the U.N. Convention Against Torture and the Geneva Conventions) or the U.S. Constitution, where appropriate,” unless they represent a detainee or an independent third party. The association’s bylaws require that it institute the policy at the next annual meeting, in August 2009.
“The good part of this is that the membership has spoken, the process worked, and we’re going to follow it,” said Alan E. Kazdin, the association’s president and a psychologist at Yale University. “Will everyone be happy? Well, it’s a typical human enterprise, and there are nuanced positions on both sides. So, we’ll see.”
Steven Reisner, a New York psychoanalyst running for the association presidency on the issue, called the vote “fabulous news.”
“The membership has sent a strong message to the leadership of the association that it wants to see this ethical prohibition as policy,” Dr. Reisner said, “and now it has to be policy.”
He added that the association should add the ban to its ethics code immediately and work out details of its enactment in the coming months. “This is a major step, but it’s a first step,” he said.
Like other professional groups, the association has little direct authority to restrict members’ ability to practice. But state licensing boards that can suspend or revoke a psychologist’s license often take violations of the association’s code into consideration.
Many military and civilian psychologists have resisted a prohibition, arguing that consultants provide some accountability, making sure that questioning does not become abusive, for example. The association, these experts contend, should focus on the behavior of individual psychologists, rather than abandon the work altogether.
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/us/18psych.html?ref=health 自己认领了，48小时未提交译文，请战友自由认领。 Psychologists Vote to End Interrogation Consultations
心理学家投票停止审讯顾问工作
By BENEDICT CAREY
Published: September 17, 2008
Members of the American Psychological Association have voted to prohibit consultation in the interrogations of detainees held at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, or so-called black sites operated by the Central Intelligence Agency overseas, the association said on Wednesday.
美国心理学会星期三说，学会成员投票禁止为审讯关押在关塔那摩的囚犯提供咨询，这个位于古巴关塔那摩湾的基地是由中英情报局控制的黑色地带。
The vote, 8,792 to 6,157 in a mail-in balloting concluded Monday, may help to settle a long debate within the profession over the ethics of such work. Psychologists have helped military and C.I.A. interrogators evaluate detainees, plan questioning strategy and judge its psychological costs. The association’s ethics code, while condemning a list of coercive techniques adopted in the Bush administration’s antiterrorism campaign, has allowed some consultation “for national security-related purposes.”
投票采用发送邮件的方式，于星期一结束，投票结果为 8792 票对6157票 。这次投票有助于解决长期存在于心理学界对于此类工作伦理上的争议。此前一直由心理学家帮助军方和CIA的审讯人员对囚犯进行心理评估，设计审问策略并估算心理成本。心理学会此前虽然对布什当局在反恐运动中所采取的一系列强硬手段表示谴责，但学会的职业道德规范还是允许其成员“为了国家安全目的”提供心理咨询。
The referendum, first posted on the Internet as a petition in May, prohibits psychologists from working in settings where “persons are held outside of, or in violation of, either International Law (e.g., the U.N. Convention Against Torture and the Geneva Conventions) or the U.S. Constitution, where appropriate,” unless they represent a detainee or an independent third party. The association’s bylaws require that it institute the policy at the next annual meeting, in August 2009.
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作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2010-10-07 23:49
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