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胆固醇101


Cholesterol 101
Posted by Joy Bauer, M.S., R.D., C.D.N.
on Tue, Apr 17, 2007, 9:43 am PDT

What is cholesterol, anyway? Cholesterol is a natural fat-like substance found in all animal tissue-humans included-because it is part of all cell membranes. Cholesterol is also part of the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects nerves, and it is used to make vitamin D, bile, and some hormones. Our bodies make all the cholesterol we need for good health, so extra cholesterol coming from a poor diet provides NO benefit (in fact, quite the contrary - it clogs our arteries).

Cholesterol comes in two main varieties: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (commonly called "bad cholesterol" - remember L for LOUSY), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ("good cholesterol" - remember H for HERO).

LDL-Cholesterol
The higher your LDL cholesterol, the greater your risk of developing life-threatening plaque. So, you want your low-density low. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the optimal level of LDL cholesterol is below 100 mg/dL. High LDL cholesterol is defined as 160 mg/dL and higher - but certainly anything above 130 is worth treating.

HDL-Cholesterol
HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, is like nature's plaque vacuum cleaner-it picks up the vessel-clogging cholesterol and carries it away to the liver, where it is disposed of in the form of bile. The higher your HDL levels, the cleaner your blood vessels will be. So, you want your high-density high. According to the NIH, people with HDL of 60 mg/dL or higher have a lower risk of heart disease...whereas HDL below 40 mg/dL is considered too low.

Cholesterol Ratio
Because HDL is so important to the health of blood vessels, some physicians prefer to talk about the cholesterol ratio-your total cholesterol divided by your HDL cholesterol. For example, if your total cholesterol number is 250 and your HDL is 50, your ratio is 250/50 or 5. A ratio of 3.5 is considered optimal, and people are urged to aim for a ratio of 5 or less. 本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。 What is cholesterol, anyway? Cholesterol is a natural fat-like substance found in all animal tissue-humans included-because it is part of all cell membranes. Cholesterol is also part of the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects nerves, and it is used to make vitamin D, bile, and some hormones. Our bodies make all the cholesterol we need for good health, so extra cholesterol coming from a poor diet provides NO benefit (in fact, quite the contrary - it clogs our arteries).
胆固醇究竟是什么呢？胆固醇是一种天然的类似脂肪的物质，存在于所有动物组织包括人类，因为它是所有细胞膜的组成部分。胆固醇也是包绕和保护神经的髓鞘的组成部分，它还被用来合成维生素D，胆汁和一些激素。我们的身体足以产生健康所需的胆固醇，所以来源于不恰当饮食的额外的胆固醇毫无益处（事实上，正好相反——它堵塞血管）。

Cholesterol comes in two main varieties: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (commonly called "bad cholesterol" - remember L for LOUSY), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ("good cholesterol" - remember H for HERO).
胆固醇主要有两种：低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇（常被称为“坏的胆固醇”——正如L代表LOUSY（污秽的）），和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇（“好的胆固醇”——H代表HERO（英雄））。

LDL-Cholesterol
The higher your LDL cholesterol, the greater your risk of developing life-threatening plaque. So, you want your low-density low. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the optimal level of LDL cholesterol is below 100 mg/dL. High LDL cholesterol is defined as 160 mg/dL and higher - but certainly anything above 130 is worth treating.
LDL-胆固醇
LDL-胆固醇越高，形成威胁生命的斑块的危险越大。所以，低密度低了好。根据国立卫生研究院（NIH），理想的LDL-胆固醇水平小于100mg/dl。LDL-胆固醇增高定为160mg/dl及以上——但是大于130就需要治疗。

HDL-Cholesterol
HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, is like nature's plaque vacuum cleaner-it picks up the vessel-clogging cholesterol and carries it away to the liver, where it is disposed of in the form of bile. The higher your HDL levels, the cleaner your blood vessels will be. So, you want your high-density high. According to the NIH, people with HDL of 60 mg/dL or higher have a lower risk of heart disease...whereas HDL below 40 mg/dL is considered too low.
HDL-胆固醇
HDL-胆固醇，在另一方面，像自然的斑块清理器——它收集血管中的胆固醇转运到肝脏，在那里它被分解形成胆汁。HDL-胆固醇水平越高，血管越清洁。所以，高密度是高了好。根据NIH，HDL在60mg/dl或以上，心血管病的危险较低。而HDL在40mg/dl被认为是过低。

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作者:admin@医学,生命科学    2010-11-13 17:11
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