主页 > 医药科学 >
【科普】安全套能否预防HIV以外的其他性传播疾
安全套能否预防HIV以外的其他性传播疾病？
Head to Head: Are condoms the answer to rising rates of non-HIV sexually transmitted infection? BMJ Volume 336 pp 184-5
Newswise — Consistent condom use can reduce the spread of HIV, but are they the answer to rising rates of other sexually transmitted infections?
Researchers debate the issue in this week’s BMJ.
Newswise——我们知道坚持使用安全套能减少HIV的传播，但是对于目前不但增多的其他性传播疾病这招是否也能屡试不爽呢？本周，科研人员在BMJ杂志上对该话题进行了讨论。
For people who are sexually active, condoms remain our best solution to reducing risks of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (if uninfected) or transmitting these infections (if infected), say Markus Steiner and Willard Cates of Family Health International.
国际家庭健康组织（FHI）的Markus Steiner和Willard Cates认为，对于那些性事频繁的人来说，安全套还是减少感染（如果还没被感染）和传播（已经感染）性传播疾病的最佳选择。
Despite some inconsistencies in the evidence, studies show that condoms are an effective physical barrier against passage of even the smallest sexually transmitted pathogens, they write.
虽然有些结果相互矛盾，但是研究还是显示安全套是阻断性传播病源体的有效的物理屏障，不管它有多小，他们说。
For example, a recent review provides strong evidence that condoms reduce the risk of gonorrhoea and chlamydia in both men and women. Studies have also shown consistent and correct use of condoms can reduce genital herpes and human papillomavirus infection.
比如，最近的一项研究明确提示安全套能减少男性和女性感染淋病和衣原体的风险。研究还显示，坚持正确使用安全套能减少生殖器疱疹和人乳头瘤病毒的感染。
However, the promotion of condoms remains controversial in many countries, including the United States. Another concern is that condom promotion could lead to risk compensation, although the authors point to a recent review of condom related prevention approaches which concluded that sexual risk reduction interventions do not increase unsafe sexual behaviour.
但是推广使用安全套问题在许多国家一直备受争议，包括在美国。还有的担心推广安全套会导致风险补偿，不过作者反驳：最近一则关于安全套预防措施的综述总结认为，减少性疾病风险的干预不会增加不健康的性行为。
Like any prevention tool (such as seat belts or airbags) condoms are not 100% effective, they say. Accurate messages about condoms must build on a wide range of risk avoidance and risk reduction approaches, such as the ABC strategy: abstinence, be faithful to one partner, and use condoms.
和任何安全措施（如安全带和安全气囊）一样，安全套也不是100%安全有效，他们说。正确宣传安全套的作用不能忽视一系列常规的预防措施，比如ABC法：节欲、忠于一个性伙伴，还有使用安全套。
They suggest that clinicians reassure people who are sexually active that condom use reduces the risk of most infections, while emphasising the importance of consistent and correct use for optimal risk reduction.
他们建议临床医说服那些性生活活跃的人相信安全套能杜绝绝大多数感染，是最近的预防措施，但是特别要强调坚持和正确使用的重要性。
But Stephen Genuis from the University of Alberta argues that a more comprehensive approach is needed.
不过，来自Alberta大学的Stephen Genuis认为，没有全面的措施还是不够的。
Condoms cannot be the definitive answer to sexually transmitted infection, he writes, because they provide insufficient protection against many common diseases. Intercourse generally involves skin to skin contact in the external genital area not covered by a condom.
他说，安全套不性传播疾病的最终答案，因为它们无法预防许多常见的疾病。性交时安全套覆盖区域以外的皮肤还是会相互接触。
But the main problem with condoms, he says, is that average people, particularly teenagers and young adults, do not use them consistently, regardless of knowledge or education.
但是安全套的主要问题，他说，是一般的人，特别是一些青少年，无法坚持使用，哪怕有很多这方面的教育。
He points to numerous large studies where concerted efforts to promote use of condoms has consistently failed to control rates of sexually transmitted infection – even in countries with advanced sex education programmes like Canada, Sweden, and Switzerland.
他指出，许多大规模系统性的安全套推广工作结果都没能抑制性病的发病率——哪怕是在性教育先进的加拿大、瑞典和瑞士。
Data also suggest that changes in sexual behaviour (fewer partners, less casual sex, and less use of sex workers) rather than widespread condom use is reducing infections in countries such as Thailand and Cambodia.
阅读本文的人还阅读：
作者:admin@医学,生命科学 2011-07-14 00:43
医学,生命科学网